(A, C) In the North Shore Parkinson's disease (PD) cohort, significant correlations were found between the Groningen PD-related cognitive pattern (PDCPGR) expression and performance of neuropsychological tests, including the symbol digit modalities test (SDMT; r=−0.38, P<0.005) and Hooper Visual Organization Test (HVOT; r=−0.28, P<0.05). (B, D) Similarly, PDCPNS expression was also significantly correlated with SDMT (r=−0.34, P<0.005) and HVOT (r=−0.26, P<0.05) performance in the same cohort.