Table 5.

Landmarks used to maximise consistency of quantitative measurement of limb swelling

Joint	Anatomical landmarks
Elbow	Circumferential measurement at level of lateral epicondyle and medial epicondyle with elbow in full extension
Carpus	Circumferential measurement at level of styloid process of radius and styloid process of ulna with carpus in full extension (unless arthrodesis performed)
Metacarpo-phalangeal	Circumferential measurement at the level of the head of metacarpal five laterally and head of metacarpal two medially with joint held in full extension
Proximal interphalangeal	Measurement across dorsum of digits extending from head of proximal phalanx five laterally to head of proximal phalanx two medially with joint held in full extension
Distal interphalangeal	Measurement across dorsum of digits extending from head of middle phalanx five laterally to head of middle phalanx two medially with joint held in full extension
Stifle	Circumferential measurement at level equidistant between the tibial tuberosity and distal extent of the patella with the stifle held in full extension
Tarso-crural	Circumferential measurement at level of lateral malleolus of fibula and medial malleolus of tibia with joint held in full extension
Metatarso-phalangeal	Circumferential measurement at the level of the head of metatarsal five laterally and head of metatarsal two medially with joint held in full extension
Proximal interphalangeal	Measurement across dorsum of digits extending from head of proximal phalanx five laterally to head of proximal phalanx two medially with joint held in full extension
Distal interphalangeal	Measurement across dorsum of digits extending from head of middle phalanx five laterally to head of middle phalanx two medially with joint held in full extension