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. 2015 Nov 9;13:123. doi: 10.1186/s12958-015-0118-9

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© Gómez-Torres et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Working model for interplay of LPC/PHS/MAG metabolites during in vitro fertilization. Schematic diagrams showing: (a) Oocyte and cumulus cells culture during three hours (t3) and LPC secreted into MBI by cumulus cells. (b) Oocyte, cumulus cells and spermatozoa cultured during seventeen hours (t17) and LPC and PHS secreted by cumulus cells into MAI and inducing the acrosome reaction in spermatozoa. Acrosome reacted sperm (arrow) release LPC, PHS and MAG in the culture medium. (c) Only spermatozoa cultured for seventeen hours (t17). Spontaneous acrosome-reacted sperm are observed (arrows) which are probably responsible for the release of LPC, PHS and MAG into MOS