Table 2. Diagnosis of continental tigers [P. tigris tigris (L., 1758)] and Sunda tigers [P. tigris sondaica (Temminck, 1844)].

	P. tigris tigris	P. tigris sondaica
	Principal synonyms: virgata (Illiger, 1815); altaica (Temminck, 1844); amoyensis (Hilzheimer, 1905); corbetti Mazák, 1968; jacksoni Luo et al., 2004	Principal synonyms: balica (Schwarz, 1912); sumatrae Pocock, 1929
Skulls (Fig. 4, A and B)
~75% of males distinguishable from ~75% of sondaica males	Condylobasal length ≥288 mm; interorbital width ≥71 mm; nasal length ≥105 mm; ventral posterior length ≥81 mm; width of zygomatic arches ≥218 mm; mastoid width ≥126 mm; canine height ≥56 mm	Condylobasal length <288 mm; interorbital width <70.5 mm; nasal length <105 mm; ventral posterior length <81 mm; width of zygomatic arches <218 mm; mastoid width <126 mm; canine height <56 mm
~75% of females distinguishable from ~75% of sondaica	Condylobasal length ≥255 mm; interorbital width ≥60 mm; nasal length ≥91.5 mm; ventral posterior length ≥72.5 mm; width of zygomatic arches ≥182 mm; mastoid width ≥112.5 mm; canine height ≥47 mm	Condylobasal length <255 mm; interorbital width <60 mm; nasal length <91.5 mm; ventral posterior length <72.5 mm; width of zygomatic arches <182 mm; mastoid width <112.5 mm; canine height <47 mm
Pelage (Fig. 4C)
Ground color	Variable but averages lighter than sondaica	Darker than tigris
Mean number of flank stripes (distinguishes 75% of tigris from 75% of sondaica)	<23	>24
Stripes	Thicker and less dense, especially on hindquarters	Thin and particularly dense on hindquarters
Pale ventral coloration	Extends further up flanks (one-third to halfway), tending to be white in color	Extends minimally up flanks, tending to be yellow in color
Brow patches	Whiter and more extensive than in sondaica	Smaller than in tigris and tending to be yellow cranially
Ecological preferences (Fig. 4D)
Climate (~75% of tigris occurrence records are distinguishable from sondaica)	More seasonal; cooler and drier climates than sondaica, but occurrence records from parts of its range (for example, Peninsular Malaysia) are indistinguishable from sondaica	Less seasonal; warmer and wetter climates than tigris
Molecular markers (mtDNA)
SNPs that distinguish all tigris from sondaica [see also Luo et al. (8)]	Position of the cat mtDNA genome (71) 5608 ND2: C in tigris 15743 Cytb: A in tigris	Position of the cat mtDNA genome (71) 5608 ND2: T in sondaica 15743 Cytb: G in sondaica
SNPs that distinguish most tigris from sondaica	Position of the cat mtDNA genome (71) 4442 ND1: T in most tigris 5155 ND2: T in most tigris 13029 ND5: G in most tigris 14118 ND5: C in most tigris	Position of the cat mtDNA genome (71) 4442 ND1: C in all sondaica 5155 ND2: C in all sondaica 13029 ND5: A in most sondaica 14118 ND5: T in all sondaica