Fig. 6.
The biased sampling mechanism for CueR modulating RNAP–PcopA interactions for transcription regulation. P is the free promoter. RPC is a transient closed complex upon initial RNAP binding to PcopA. RPDE is the dead-end complex. RPO is the open complex. The pointed and flat-end arrows (green and blue), respectively, denote the enhancing and inhibiting kinetic effects of holo-CueR and apo-CueR on RNAP binding–unbinding on PcopA; the widths and lengths of these arrows both represent the strength of enhancement or inhibition effects.