Fig. 7.

A general framework for designing an SSVEP-based BCI. The design of a new SSVEP BCI can be simplified by three procedures: (i) data collection for a benchmark dataset with a group of subjects, (ii) offline simulation, and (iii) online implementation. In this framework, offline simulation plays an important role in facilitating system design. Both coding and decoding methods can be jointly evaluated by the offline analysis with the benchmark dataset. The customized stimulation and target identification methods derived from offline system design can then be transferred to implement an SSVEP-based BCI system comprising visual stimulator, brain pathway, and BCI controller.