Table 1.
Summary of late Quaternary vertebrate fossils from Abaco, The Bahamas
| Taxon | Common name | Habitat | Late Pleistocene fossils | Holocene fossil |
| Fish | ||||
| Carcharinidae | Shark | MA | 1 | — |
| Rhizoprionodon sp. | Sharpnose shark | MA | 1 | — |
| Muraenidae | Moray eel | MA | 20 | — |
| Serranidae (Epinephelinae) | Grouper | MA | 1 | — |
| Haemulidae | Grunt | MA | 1 | — |
| Gerreidae | Mojarra | MA/ES | 1 | — |
| Labridae | Wrass | MA | 4 | — |
| Scaridae | Parrotfish | MA | 2 | — |
| Labrisomidae | Scaled blenny | MA | 25 | — |
| Blenniidae | Combtooth blenny | MA | 25 | — |
| Eleotridae | Sleeper | AQ/MA/ES | 44 | — |
| Eleotridae/Gobiidae | Sleeper/goby | AQ/MA/ES | 4 | — |
| Diodontidae | Porcupinefish | MA/ES | 3 | — |
| Reptiles | ||||
| Chelonoidis alburyorum* | Albury’s tortoise | CO/PW | 8 | X |
| Crocodylus rhombifer† | Cuban crocodile | CO/PW | 4 | X |
| Cyclura sp.† | Rock iguana | CO/PW | 5 | X |
| Leiocephalus cf carinata | Bahama curly-tailed lizard | CO/PW | 62 | X |
| Anolis cf sagrei | Cuban anole | CO/PW | 212 | X |
| Anolis cf distichus | Bahama bark anole | CO | 76 | X |
| Sphaerodactylus cf notatus | Gecko | CO/PW | 3 | X |
| Spondylurus cf mabouya† | Skink | CO/PW | 2 | — |
| Scolecophidia (Typhlops lumbricalis?) | Blind snake | CO/PW | 223 | X |
| Chilabothrus cf exsul | Bahama boa | CO/PW | >300 | X |
| Cubophis cf vudii | Bahama racer | CO/PW | >300 | X |
| Birds | ||||
| Puffinus lherminieri† | Audubon’s shearwater | MA | 16 | X |
| Pterodroma cahow† | Bermuda petrel | MA | — | X |
| Nyctanassa violacea | Yellow-crowned night-heron | AQ/ES | 34 | X |
| Nycticorax nycticorax | Black-crowned night-heron | AQ/ES | 2 | X |
| Eudocimus albus† | White ibis | AQ/ES | 2 | X |
| Cathartes aura | Turkey vulture | GE | 1 | X |
| Pandion haliaetus | Osprey | ES | 1 | X |
| Accipiter cooperii/Accipiter gundlachii† | Cooper’s hawk/Gundlach’s hawk | CO | 1 | X |
| Buteo aff. lineatus* | “Red-shouldered” hawk | CO/PW? | 1 | — |
| Buteo swainsonii† | Swainson’s hawk | GR | 1 | X |
| Falco sparverius | American kestrel | GR/PW | 18 | — |
| Caracara creightoni* | Creighton’s caracara | GE? | — | X |
| Grus canadensis† | Sandhill crane | GR | — | X |
| Porzana carolina (m) | Sora | AQ/ES | — | X |
| Rallus longirostris | Clapper rail | ES | — | X |
| Rallus limicola (m) | Virginia rail | AQ/ES | — | X |
| Rallus cyanocavi* | Small Abaco flightless rail | ? | 545 | — |
| Rallus new sp.* | Large Abaco flightless rail | ? | 19 | — |
| Porphyrio martinicus† | Purple gallinule | AQ | — | X |
| Burhinus bistriatus nanus† | Double-striped thick-knee | GR/PW | 4 | X |
| Calidris alpina (m) | Dunlin | SH | 1 | — |
| Gallinago new sp.* | Bahama snipe | ? | 4 | — |
| Patagioenas leucocephala | White-crowned pigeon | CO | 2 | X |
| Patagioenas squamosa† | Scaly-naped pigeon | CO | 9 | X |
| Zenaida aurita | Zenaida dove | CO | 3 | X |
| Zenaida asiatica | White-winged dove | CO/PW | 1 | — |
| Geotrygon chrysia | Bridled quail-dove | CO | 6 | X |
| Columbina passerina | Common ground-dove | CO/PW | 5 | X |
| Forpus new sp.* | Bahama parrotlet | ? | 1 | — |
| Amazona leucocephala | Rose-throated parrot | CO/PW | 2 | — |
| Coccyzus minor | Mangrove cuckoo | CO | — | X |
| Tyto alba | Common barn-owl | CO/PW | 2 | X |
| Athene cunicularia† | Burrowing owl | GR/PW | 1,914 | X |
| Glaucidium sp.† | Pygmy-owl | CO/PW | — | X |
| Asio flammeus† | Short-eared Owl | GR/PW | 1 | — |
| Chordeiles gundlachii | Antillean nighthawk | CO/GR/PW | 3 | X |
| Antrostomus cf cubanensis† | Greater Antillean nightjar | CO/PW | 1 | — |
| Chlorostilbon ricordii | Cuban emerald | CO/PW | — | X |
| Calliphlox evelynae | Bahama woodstar | CO | — | X |
| Colaptes sp.† | Flicker | PW | 2 | — |
| Melanerpes superciliaris | West Indian woodpecker | CO/PW | 1 | X |
| Picoides villosus | Hairy woodpecker | CO/PW | 3 | — |
| Sphyrapicus varius (m) | Yellow-bellied sapsucker | CO | — | X |
| Contopus caribaeus | Cuban pewee | PW | 4 | — |
| Tyrannus dominicensis | Gray kingbird | GR/PW | 3 | — |
| Tyrannus caudifasciatus | Loggerhead kingbird | PW | 6 | X |
| Tyrannus cubensis† | Giant kingbird | CO/PW | 2 | — |
| Corvus nasicus† | Cuban crow | CO/PW | 2 | X |
| Tachycineta cyaneoviridis | Bahama swallow | PW | 5 | — |
| Petrochelidon pyrrhonota† | Cliff swallow | CC | 30 | — |
| Petrochelidon fulva† | Cave swallow | CC | 29 | — |
| Sitta pusilla† | Brown-headed nuthatch | PW | 20 | — |
| Dumetella carolinensis (m) | Gray catbird | CO | 4 | — |
| Mimus gundlachii | Bahama mockingbird | CO/PW | — | X |
| Mimus polyglottos | Northern mockingbird | PW | — | X |
| Margarops fuscatus† | Pearly-eyed thrasher | CO | 1 | X |
| Myadestes sp.† | Solitaire | PW | 7 | — |
| Sialia sialis† | Eastern bluebird | GR/PW | 35 | — |
| Turdus plumbeus | Red-legged thrush | CO | 3 | X |
| Dendroica pinus | Pine warbler | PW | 10 | — |
| Dendroica dominica | Yellow-throated warbler | PW | 3 | — |
| Dendroica palmarum (m) | Palm warbler | PW | 5 | — |
| Dendroica coronata (m) | Yellow-rumped warbler | PW | 5 | — |
| Seiurus aurocapillus (m) | Ovenbird | CO | — | X |
| Geothlypis rostrata | Bahama yellowthroat | CO/PW | 12 | X |
| Xenoligea sp.† | “Highland-tanager” | PW | 5 | — |
| Coereba flaveola | Bananaquit | CO | 1 | — |
| Spindalis zena | Western spindalis | CO/PW | 1 | X |
| Pheucticus ludovicianus (m) | Rose-breasted grosbeak | CO | — | X |
| Spizella passerina‡ | Chipping sparrow | GR/PW | 12 | — |
| Passerculus sandwichensis‡ | Savannah sparrow | GR/PW | 2 | — |
| Ammodramus savannarum† | Grasshopper sparrow | GR | 1 | X |
| Tiaris bicolor | Black-faced grassquit | CO/GR/PW | 6 | — |
| Loxigilla violacea | Greater Antillean bullfinch | CO | 5 | X |
| Sturnella magna† | Eastern meadowlark | GR/PW | 1,075 | — |
| Agelaius phoeniceus | Red-winged blackbird | AQ/GR | 4 | — |
| Icterid, genus uncertain† | Large cowbird | ? | 5 | — |
| Icterus cf dominicensis† | Greater Antillean oriole | PW | 4 | — |
| Loxia megaplaga† | Hispaniolan crossbill | PW | 7 | — |
| Mammals | ||||
| Eptesicus fuscus | Big brown bat | CC | 27 | X |
| Myotis austroriparius† | Southeastern myotis | CC | 27 | X |
| Lasiurus minor† | Minor red bat | CC | 1 | X |
| Tadarida brasiliensis | Mexican free-tailed bat | CC | 18 | — |
| Macrotus waterhousii | Waterhouse’s leaf-nosed bat | CC | 22 | X |
| Erophylla sezekorni | Buffy flower bat | CC | 1 | X |
| Mormoops blainvillii† | Antillean ghost-faced bat | CC | 1 | — |
| Geocapromys ingrahami† | Bahaman hutia | GE | 1 | X |
| Fish totals | ||||
| NISP | 132 | — | ||
| Species (all) | 13 | — | ||
| Species (*/† only) | 0 | — | ||
| Reptile totals | ||||
| NISP | >1,195 | — | ||
| Species (all) | 11 | 10 | ||
| Species (*/† only) | 4 | 3 | ||
| Bird totals | ||||
| NISP (all species) | 3,922 | — | ||
| NISP (residents only) | 3,907 | — | ||
| NISP (*/† species only) | 3,773 | — | ||
| Species (all) | 63 | 42 | ||
| Species (residents only) | 59 | 37 | ||
| Species (*/† only) | 31 | 14 | ||
| Mammal totals | ||||
| NISP (all species) | 98 | — | ||
| NISP (*/† species only) | 30 | — | ||
| Species (all) | 8 | 6 | ||
| Species (*/† only) | 4 | 4 | ||
Values are numbers of identified specimens (NISP). Late Pleistocene, the Owl Roost deposit at Sawmill Sink. The Holocene sites are Gilpin Point, Hole-in-the-Wall Cave, Ralph’s Cave, and the peat deposit at Sawmill Sink (10, 12, 38). Habitat categories: AQ, aquatic (freshwater); CC, cave- or cliff-nester; CO, coppice (broadleaf forest); ES, estuarine; GE, generalist; GR, grassland; MA, marine; PW, pine woodland; SH, shoreline. m, migrant species (birds only). —, not present.
*
Extinct species.
†
Extant species but no longer occurring on Abaco (= extirpated).
‡
Species exists on Abaco today only as a migrant, not a resident.