Table 2.
Predictors of eosinophilia among patients undergoing outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT).
| All (N=824) |
Eosinophilia (N=210) |
No Eosinophilia (N=614) |
Univariate Hazard Ratio† [95% CI] |
Multivariate Hazard Ratio† [95% CI] |
Multivariate P-value† |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, med[IQR] | 60 [48–71] | 64 [53–74] | 59 [46–70] | 1.01 [1.00, 1.03]** | 1.02 [1.00, 1.03] | 0.0007 |
| Male gender, N (%) | 494 (60) | 121 (58) | 373 (61) | 0.89 [0.67, 1.17] | 0.95 [0.72, 1.26] | >0.50 |
| Antibiotic‡, N (%) | ||||||
| Vancomycin | 314 (38) | 95 (45) | 219 (36) | 1.41 [1.07, 1.86]* | 1.66 [1.22, 2.26] | 0.001 |
| Penicillins | 207 (25) | 58 (28) | 149 (24) | 1.18 [0.86, 1.61] | 1.45 [1.02, 2.06] | 0.03 |
| Metronidazole | 123 (15) | 19 (9) | 104 (17) | 0.46 [0.27, 0.77]** | 0.46 [0.27, 0.77] | 0.003 |
| Rifampin | 107 (13) | 40 (19) | 67 (11) | 1.61 [1.13, 2.29]** | 1.47 [1.03, 2.11] | 0.03 |
| Linezolid | 31 (4) | 10 (5) | 21 (3) | 1.55 [0.82, 2.94] | 2.09 [1.07, 4.06] | 0.03 |
| Cephalosporins§ | 347 (42) | 75 (36) | 272 (44) | 0.78 [0.58, 1.04] | ||
| Flouroquinolones§ | 110 (13) | 23 (11) | 87 (14) | 0.61 [0.37, 1.01] | ||
| Carbapenems§ | 58 (7) | 17 (8) | 41 (7) | 1.22 [0.73, 2.04] | ||
| Daptomycin | 54 (7) | 14 (7) | 40 (7) | 0.92 [0.51, 1.66] | ||
| Fluconazole | 42 (5) | 10 (5) | 32 (5) | 0.91 [0.48, 1.72] | ||
| Aminoglycosides | 27 (3) | 6 (3) | 21 (3) | 0.80 [0.32, 1.94] | ||
| Tetracyclines | 14 (2) | 3 (1) | 11 (2) | 0.90 [0.28, 2.84] | ||
| Voriconazole | 7 (<1) | 2 (1) | 5 (<1) | 1.17 [0.29, 4.72] | ||
| Aztreonam | 6 (<1) | 2 (1) | 4 (<1) | 2.01 [0.49, 8.08] | ||
| Clindamycin | 6 (<1) | 2 (1) | 4 (<1) | 1.17 [0.16, 8.36] | ||
| Amphotericin B | 5 (<1) | 2 (1) | 3 (<1) | 1.86 [0.46, 7.51] | ||
| Macrolides | 5 (<1) | 1 (<1) | 4 (<1) | 0.75 [0.10, 5.32] |
Based on Cox proportional hazards model. Antibiotics were considered for multivariate model if univariate p-value < 0.50 and if any-use was greater than 1% during OPAT follow-up. Antibiotic inclusion in final multivariate model was based on backwards elimination. Antibiotics not tabulated (<5 patients exposed) include micafungin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, flucytosine, ganciclovir, foscarnet, and posaconazole.
Proportion of patients using antibiotics anytime during “eosinophilia-normalized” follow-up, see methods for details.
Antibiotic was considered in the backward elimiation process, but was not included in the final model.
<0.05,
<0.01,
<0.001,
<0.0001