Fig. 5. A diagrams included in the individual and confidential annual report of the KNN, showing the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for various treatment policies and outcomes, with adjustment for the gestational age of the enrolled VLBWIs. This diagram shows that Center 70474 (virtual center, not real) has significantly lower incidences of moderate to severe BPD and postnatal corticosteroid use than all the other participating hospitals, with adjusted OR of 0.5 and 0.3, respectively. These data-driven analyses provide a valuable and powerful feedback for quality improvement to each institution, where the institution positions among all of the KNN participating institutions in terms of specific items indicating care qualities.