Table 1. Clinical characteristics of VLBWIs (n = 2,326); NEC vs. no NEC group.
| Characteristics | NEC (n = 149) | No NEC (n = 2,177) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age (week) | 26.6 ± 2.7 | 29.1 ± 3.0 | < 0.001 |
| Birth weight (g) | 833 ± 245 | 1,095 ± 280 | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 69 (46.3) | 1,087 (50.0) | NS |
| Antenatal steroid use | 108/141 (76.6) | 1,601/2,333 (75.1) | NS |
| PROM ≥ 18 hr | 48 (32.9) | 770 (34.5) | NS |
| Maternal chorioamnionitis | 40/114 (35.9) | 627/1,843 (34.0) | NS |
| Resuscitation at delivery* | 143/147 (97.3) | 1,881/2,149 (87.9) | < 0.001 |
| Hypotension ≤ 1 week | 90 (60.4) | 567 (26.1) | < 0.001 |
| RDS | 140 (94.0) | 1,654 (76.0) | < 0.001 |
| Pneumothorax | 24 (16.1) | 100 (4.6) | < 0.001 |
| Massive pulmonary hemorrhage | 24 (16.1) | 126 (5.8) | < 0.001 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 20 (13.4) | 133 (6.1) | < 0.001 |
| IVH > grade II | 48 (32.2) | 180 (8.3) | < 0.001 |
| Sepsis | 69 (46.3) | 404 (19.0) | <0.001 |
| No sepsis | 80/133 (60.2) | 1,773/2,158 (82.2) | <0.001 |
| Early sepsis | 12 (9.0) | 85 (3.9) | |
| Late sepsis | 41 (30.8) | 300 (13.9) | |
| PDA† | 88/(59.1) | 802/2,177 (36.8) | < 0.001 |
*Resuscitation included oxygen use or positive pressure ventilation or intubation or cardiac massage or drug use; †PDA was defined when pharmacological or surgical treatment was intervened. g, gram body weight; PROM, premature rupture of membrane; RDS, respiratory distress syndrome; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus.