Figure 4.

Effects of GV1001 on LPS-induced IL-6 and p-p38 expression in hDPCs. 0.75, 1.5, and 7.5 μM GV1001 was added to hDPCs treated with 1 μg mL⁻¹ of E. coli LPS or 20 μg mL⁻¹ of P. gingivalis LPS for 10 hrs. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot revealed downregulation of (a) IL-6 and (b) phosphorylated p38, respectively, after exposure to 1 μg mL⁻¹ of E. coli LPS or 20 μg mL⁻¹of P. gingivalis LPS incubated with GV1001 (0.75, 1.5 μM, and 7.5 μM). Each value indicates the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. # indicates a significant difference (P < 0.05) relative to cells treated with LPS in the presence of GV1001.