Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients according to study group.
| Characteristics | Total | Low-Klotho [Klotho < 309 pg/mL] |
Middle-Klotho [309 ≤ Klotho < 449 pg/mL] |
High-Klotho [449 pg/mL ≤ Klotho] |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 63 | 14 | 35 | 14 | |
| Age (year) | 64.2 ± 13.0 | 66.1 ± 11.9 | 63.8 ± 13.7 | 63.0 ± 13.0 | 0.80 |
| Male gender (%) | 50.8 | 42.9 | 54.3 | 50.0 | 0.77 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.3 ± 3.2 | 20.3 ± 3.0 | 21.8 ± 3.2 | 20.9 ± 3.2 | 0.29 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 33.3 | 42.9 | 37.1 | 14.3 | 0.18 |
| Duration of dialysis (year) | 6.7 ± 5.4 | 6.2 ± 4.0 | 6.5 ± 5.2 | 7.6 ± 7.1 | 0.77 |
| History of cardiovascular disease (%) | 12.7 | 7.1 | 11.4 | 21.4 | 0.52 |
| Smoking (%) | 62.9 | 64.3 | 58.8 | 71.4 | 0.70 |
| Serum creatinine | 10.6 ± 2.8 | 9.9 ± 0.9 | 10.7 ± 2.8 | 10.9 ± 0.8 | 0.63 |
| Kt/V (per week) | 1.36 ± 0.28 | 1.47 ± 23 | 1.33 ± 0.28 | 1.31 ± 0.29 | 0.23 |
| nPCR (g/kg/day) | 0.95 ± 0.18 | 0.97 ± 13 | 0.94 ± 0.20 | 0.94 ± 0.17 | 0.91 |
| Cardiothoracic ratio (%) | 50.0 ± 5.3 | 50.8 ± 6.5 | 49.5 ± 4.8 | 50.1 ± 5.6 | 0.79 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 154.1 ± 20.0 | 150.9 ± 20.4 | 156.3 ± 21.7 | 151.9 ± 15.5 | 0.63 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.7 ± 1.3 | 9.5 ± 1.2 | 9.8 ± 1.4 | 9.5 ± 1.2 | 0.64 |
| Serum albumin (g/dL) | 3.74 ± 0.36 | 3.61 ± 0.39 | 3.76 ± 0.34 | 3.84 ± 0.39 | 0.23 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 158 ± 1.3 | 153 ± 32 | 165 ± 36 | 143 ± 0.35 | 0.12 |
| Serum calcium (mg/dL) | 8.9 ± 0.2 | 8.6 ± 1.3 | 9.0 ± 1.2 | 8.9 ± 1.3 | 0.60 |
| Serum phosphorus (mg/dL) | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 4.6 ± 1.2 | 4.9 ± 1.4 | 5.6 ± 1.0 | 0.11 |
| Intact PTH (pg/mL) | 99 (45–250) | 96 (47–210) | 94 (42–250) | 185 (79–298) | 0.35 |
| Klotho (pg/mL) | 371 (309–449) | 245 (220–283) | 371 (341–401) | 550 (468–692) | <0.0001 |
| Serum FGF23 (pg/mL) | 4511 (1184–15134) | 2115 (609–4422) | 4844 (779–17492) | 9036 (2815–21678) | 0.02 |
| 1,25(OH)2D (pg/mL) | 8.6 ± 4.4 | 7.7 ± 3.6 | 8.4 ± 4.5 | 9.7 ± 4.9 | 0.46 |
| Vitamin D sterols (%) | 46.0 | 50.0 | 48.6 | 35.7 | 0.67 |
| Phosphate binders (%) | 93.7 | 100 | 88.6 | 100 | 0.09 |
| ESA (%) | 91.9 | 100 | 88.2 | 92.9 | 0.23 |
| ARBs/ACEIs (%) | 47.6 | 21.4 | 48.6 | 71.4 | 0.03 |
| CCBs (%) | 50.8 | 42.9 | 51.4 | 57.1 | 0.75 |
| Statin (%) | 9.5 | 0 | 11.4 | 14.3 | 0.20 |
Variables are presented as numbers of patients (percentage), as mean ± SD, or as median (interquartile range), as appropriate. Klotho: serum soluble Klotho; BMI: body mass index; nPCR: normalized protein catabolism rate; PTH: parathyroid hormone; FGF23: fibroblast growth factor 23; ESA: erythropoiesis stimulating agent; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; ACEIs: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; CCBs: calcium channel blockers.