Table 5.
Time pressure and pain intensity scores, adjusted for individual, demographical, and lifestyle factors.
| Time pressure (continuous) (n = 375) | Pain (n = 367) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 95% CI | p value | Mean | 95% CI | p value | |
| Age | 0.76 | 0.003 | ||||
| (1) 18–29 | 3.17 | 2.95–3.39 | 2.29µβ# | 1.81–2.77 | ||
| (2) 30–39 | 3.32 | 3.10–3.54 | 2.64β# | 2.16–3.12 | ||
| (3) 40–49 | 3.26 | 3.05–3.48 | 3.04∗ | 2.58–3.49 | ||
| (4) 50–59 | 3.20 | 2.98–3.42 | 3.33∗† | 2.84–3.82 | ||
| (5) 60+ | 3.11 | 2.64–3.58 | 3.89∗† | 2.91–4.87 | ||
| Profession | 0.03 | 0.127 | ||||
| (1) Bricklayer labourer | 3.60 | 3.19–4.02 | 3.45 | 2.53–4.38 | ||
| (2) Bricklayer | 3.11 | 2.87–3.35 | 2.85 | 2.34–3.37 | ||
| (3) Concrete worker | 3.24 | 3.03–3.44 | 3.32 | 2.88–3.75 | ||
| (4) Scaffolder | 3.04 | 2.79–3.30 | 2.89 | 2.34–3.45 | ||
| (5) Carpenter | 3.07 | 2.86–3.28 | 2.67 | 2.22–3.13 | ||
| BMI | 0.35 | 0.119 | ||||
| (1) Normal weight | 3.24 | 3.06–3.42 | 3.13 | 2.74–3.52 | ||
| (2) Overweight | 3.13 | 2.95–3.31 | 2.73 | 2.35–3.12 | ||
| (3) Obese | 3.27 | 2.99–3.54 | 3.25 | 2.66–3.84 | ||
| Smoking | 0.92 | 0.488 | ||||
| (1) No | 3.22 | 3.05–3.39 | 2.96 | 2.60–3.33 | ||
| (2) Yes | 3.20 | 3.01–3.40 | 3.12 | 2.70–3.53 | ||
| Physical activity | 0.45 | 0.445 | ||||
| (1) No | 3.20 | 3.02–3.38 | 3.12 | 2.74–3.51 | ||
| (2) Yes | 3.23 | 3.04–3.41 | 2.95 | 2.55–3.36 | ||
| Vegetable eating habits | 0.24 | 0.521 | ||||
| (1) 1-2 times a week at most | 3.15 | 2.96–3.35 | 3.11 | 2.69–3.53 | ||
| (2) 3–6 times a week at least | 3.27 | 3.10–3.44 | 2.97 | 2.60–3.33 | ||
| Intake of alcohol | 0.06 | 0.196 | ||||
| (1) ≤1 unit a day | 3.13 | 2.95–3.31 | 3.19 | 2.80–3.58 | ||
| (2) >1 unit a day | 3.30 | 3.11–3.49 | 2.89 | 2.47–3.30 | ||
| Wage system | — | 0.05 | 0.583 | |||
| (1) Group performance wage | 3.38µ | 3.17–3.60 | 3.14 | 2.69–3.59 | ||
| (2) Individual performance wage | 3.15 | 2.89–3.40 | 3.08 | 2.54–3.62 | ||
| (3) Hourly/monthly wage | 3.11 | 2.93–3.29 | 2.90 | 2.52–3.28 | ||
Note: ∗is post hoc t-test, pairwise difference from level 1, p < 0.05, †is post hoc t-test, pairwise difference from level 2, p < 0.05, µis post hoc t-test, pairwise difference from level 3, p < 0.05, βis post hoc t-test, pairwise difference from level 4, p < 0.05, and #is post hoc t-test, pairwise difference from level 5, p < 0.05.