Table 1.
Summary of participant characteristics
| Women | Men | p valuee | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Total N | Mean (SD) | Total N | Mean (SD) | |
| Agea | 167 | 76.4 (2.6) | 175 | 76.0 (2.6) | 0.135 |
| Height (cm) | 167 | 160.2 (6.3) | 175 | 173.6 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 167 | 71.1 (12.6) | 175 | 81.8 (11.7) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/cm2) | 167 | 27.7 (4.7) | 175 | 27.2 (3.7) | 0.227 |
| Weekly calcium intake (mg) | 167 | 7906 (2685) | 175 | 8503 (2039) | 0.021 |
| Vitamin D intake (ug) | 167 | 25.7 (10.3) | 175 | 25.8 (11.4) | 0.902 |
| Physical activity score | 167 | 61.9 (13.2) | 175 | 66.0 (13.1) | 0.005 |
| Total N | n (%) | Total N | n (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoker status | 165 | 175 | |||
| Never | 109 (66.1) | 71 (40.6) | |||
| Ex | 48 (29.1) | 92 (52.6) | |||
| Current | 8 (4.8) | 12 (6.9) | <0.001 | ||
| Alcohol intake | 166 | 175 | |||
| None | 33 (19.9) | 9 (5.1) | |||
| ≤Recommendb | 130 (78.3) | 136 (77.7) | |||
| >Recommend | 3 (1.8) | 30 (17.1) | <0.001 | ||
| Social statusc | 167 | 169 | |||
| I-IIINM | 72 (43.1) | 77 (45.6) | |||
| IIIM-V | 95 (56.9) | 92 (54.4) | 0.651 | ||
| Years since menopaused | 164 | NA | NA | ||
| <5 yrs | 4 (2.4) | ||||
| 5 to <10 yrs | 18 (11.0) | ||||
| 10 to <15 yrs | 37 (22.6) | ||||
| 15 to <20 yrs | 32 (19.5) | ||||
| >20 yrs | 30 (18.3) | ||||
| Hysterectomy | 43 (26.2) | NA | |||
| HRT (ever use)d | 167 | NA | NA | ||
| Yes | 69 (41.3) | ||||
| No | 98 (58.7) | NA |
a
At time of scans;
b
Recommended maximum weekly consumption of alcohol (14 units for women, 21 units for men);
c
I-IIINM (I to III non-manual), IIIM-V (III manual to V);
d
Years since menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy as measured at HCS baseline (1998-2003);
e
Bonferroni correction used to adjust significance level to p<0.005