Table 3. Fathers’ Predictors of T4 Child Functioning and Linear Rate of Change in Child Functioning.
| Predicting Linear Growth Factor | Predicting T4 Outcome | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictor | γ (SE) | 95% CI | γ (SE) | 95% CI |
| Predictors of Externalizing | ||||
| SES | −0.34 (0.38) | [−1.08, 0.40] | −3.46 (1.13)** | [−5.67, −1.25] |
| Without T4 diagnosis | 0.45 (0.92) | [−1.35, 2.25] | ||
| With T4 diagnosis | −4.68 (2.05)* | [−8.70, −0.66] | ||
| Paternal depressive symptoms | 2.25 (0.75)** | [0.78, 3.72] | 11.32 (2.29)*** | [6.83, 15.81] |
| Boys | 6.72 (2.96)* | [0.92, 12.52] | ||
| Girls | 18.96 (3.55)*** | [12.00, 25.92] | ||
| Paternal ADHD symptoms | 1.44 (0.83)† | [−0.19, 3.07] | 6.93 (2.68)* | [1.68, 12.18] |
| Boys | 1.25 (3.58) | [−5.77, 8.27] | ||
| Girls | 13.71 (3.88)*** | [6.11, 21.31] | ||
| Father involvement | −2.01 (3.02) | [−7.93, 3.91] | 4.75 (10.43) | [−15.69, 25.19] |
| Overreactivity | 0.05 (0.41) | [−0.75, 0.85] | −0.72 (1.36) | [−3.39, 1.95] |
| Laxness | 0.36 (0.42) | [−0.46, 1.18] | 3.70 (1.24)** | [1.27, 6.13] |
| Warmth | 0.22 (0.47) | [−0.70, 1.14] | 0.47 (1.51) | [−2.49, 3.43] |
| Commands | 0.03 (0.03) | [−0.03, 0.09] | 0.19 (0.09)* | [0.01, 0.37] |
| Predictors of Internalizing | ||||
| SES | −0.86 (0.32)** | [−1.49, −0.23] | −1.75 (1.11) | [−3.93, 0.43] |
| Without T4 diagnosis | 1.25 (1.92) | [−2.51, 5.01] | ||
| With T4 diagnosis | −5.34 (3.18)† | [−11.57, 0.89] | ||
| Paternal depressive symptoms | 2.29 (0.67)** | [0.98, 3.60] | 9.52 (2.17)*** | [5.27, 13.77] |
| Paternal ADHD symptoms | 1.04 (0.76) | [−0.45, 2.53] | 5.15 (2.53)* | [0.19, 10.11] |
| Father involvement | 1.00 (2.72) | [−4.33, 6.33] | −2.12 (9.64) | [−21.01, 16.77] |
| Overreactivity | −0.74 (0.38)† | [−1.48, 0.00] | −1.26 (1.26) | [−3.73, 1.21] |
| Laxness | 0.21 (0.36) | [−0.50, 0.92] | 1.90 (1.20) | [−0.45, 4.25] |
| Warmth | 0.33 (0.47) | [−0.59, 1.25] | 0.33 (1.49) | [−2.59, 3.25] |
| Commands | 0.05 (0.02)* | [−1.91, 2.01] | 0.19 (0.08)* | [−1.77, 2.15] |
| Predictors of Social Skills | ||||
| SES | 0.54 (0.29)† | [−0.03, 1.11] | 2.98 (0.91)** | [1.20, 4.76] |
| Boys | 5.32 (1.24)*** | [2.89, 7.75] | ||
| Girls | 1.15 (1.31) | [−1.42, 3.72] | ||
| Without T4 diagnosis | 0.39 (1.05) | [−1.67, 2.45] | ||
| With T4 diagnosis | 5.28 (1.81)** | [1.73, 8.83] | ||
| Paternal depressive symptoms | −1.22 (0.61)* | [−2.42, −0.02] | −4.92 (1.97)* | [−8.78, −1.06] |
| Paternal ADHD symptoms | −0.44 (0.70) | [−1.81, 0.93] | −0.76 (2.23) | [−5.13, 3.61] |
| Father involvement | −0.36 (2.42) | [−5.10, 4.38] | −0.36 (8.76) | [−17.53, 16.81] |
| Without T4 diagnosis | −15.75 (10.78) | [−36.88, 5.38] | ||
| With T4 diagnosis | 16.52 (3.97)*** | [8.74, 24.30] | ||
| Overreactivity | −0.08 (0.35) | [−0.77, 0.61] | 1.61 (1.11) | [−0.57, 3.79] |
| Laxness | −0.16 (0.31) | [−0.77, 0.45] | −0.65 (1.05) | [−2.71, 1.41] |
| Warmth | −0.21 (0.40) | [−0.99, 0.57] | 0.72 (1.21) | [−1.65, 3.09] |
| Commands | −0.02 (0.02) | [−0.06, 0.02] | −0.02 (0.07) | [−0.16, 0.12] |
Note: Linear growth factor represents initial linear change for internalizing and social skills. Separate models were constructed for each predictor.
†
p < .10,
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001.