Fig 6. Effect of simvastatin on intracellular calcium and the glycolysis pathway in MIN6 β-cells.

The effect of the 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate (2-APB, 100 μM), a functional and membrane permeable IP3 receptor antagonist, on insulin secretion, and the effect of 2-APB on insulin secretion stimulated by GPR40 activator GW9580 (40 μM) in MIN6 β-cells (A); the effect of simvastatin on insulin secretion stimulated by the ryanodine receptor activator caffeine (10 mM) and the effect of ryanodine receptor inhibitor ryanodine (5 μM) on insulin secretion at 5.5 mM glucose concentration (B); the effect of simvastatin on glucose uptake at 5.5 mM (C) and 16.7 mM glucose concentrations (D), GLUT2 protein expression and corresponding western blots at 16.7 mM glucose concentrations (E), pyruvate levels at 5.5 mM glucose concentration (F), and the ADP/ATP ratio at 5.5 mM (G) and 16.7 mM glucose concentrations (H) in MIN6 β-cells. Insulin secretion values were normalized with protein concentration. GLUT2 protein expression values were normalized with actin protein levels. Data are mean ± SEM relative to control (Ctrl) (100%). p values were calculated with the Mann-Whitney test, *p<0.05, **p<0.01 compared to control. Each group has 6 (A-D, F-H) or 8 (E) replicates.