Table 9. The anthropometric status of children aged 4–8 years old nationally and by quartiles of added sugar intake as a percentage of energy (%EAS) (mean z-score and prevalence with two-sided confidence limits), according to WHO 2006/2007 sex specific z-scores, (male and female combined).
| Sugar quartile | Total sample | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (weighted n) | 1045 (1103) | 270 (280) | 256 (280) | 256 (272) | 263 (272) |
| Height-for-age Z-score (mean) | -0.71 | -0.8 | -0.83 | -0.62 | -0.58 |
| Height-for-age Z-score (95% CI) | -0.26 | -0.35 | -0.47 | -0.54 | -0.41 |
| Weight-for-age Z-score (mean), | -0.49 | -0.66 [B] | -0.52 [AB] | -0.44 [AB] | -0.34 [A] |
| Weight-for-age Z-score (95% CI) | -0.2 | -0.28 | -0.38 | -0.29 | -0.42 |
| BMI-for-age Z-score (mean) | -0.1 | -0.25 | -0.06 | -0.09 | 0 |
| BMI-for-age Z-score (95% CI) | -0.22 – 0.02 | -0.36 | -0.31 – 0.20 | -0.29 – 0.11 | -0.22 – 0.22 |
| Height-for-age Z-score <-2 (Stunting) % | 16 | 15.5 | 16.6 | 17.2 | 14.6 |
| Height-for-age Z-score <-2 (Stunting) 95% CI | 13.2 – 18.8 | 11.0 – 20.1 | 10.7 – 22.5 | 12.1 – 22.3 | 10.1 – 19.1 |
| Weight-for-age Z-score <-2, % | 8.1 | 10.4 | 7.1 | 7 | 8.1 |
| Weight-for-age Z-score <-2, 95% CI | 6.4 – 9.9 | 6.8 – 14.0 | 3.9 – 10.2 | 3.8 – 10.1 | 4.5 -11.7 |
| BMI-for-age Z-score >+1 to +2 * ; >+2 to +3** % | 10.2 | 9.8 | 6.5 | 7.8 | 16.9 |
| BMI-for-age Z-score >+1 to +2 * ; >+2 to +3** 95% CI | 8.3 – 12.2 | 5.9 – 13.7 | 3.6 – 9.4 | 4.6 – 11.0 | 11.7 – 22.1 |
| BMI-for-age Z-score >+2 * ; > +3** % | 6.2 | 3.2 | 9.2 | 6.2 | 6.1 |
| BMI-for-age Z-score >+2 * ; > +3** 95% CI | 3.8 – 8.5 | 0.9 – 5.5 | 3.0 – 15.4 | 3.0 – 9.3 | 3.1 – 9.1 |
| BMI-for-age Z-score >+1 * ; >+2** (Overweight + obesity) % | 16.4 | 13 | 15.7 | 14 | 23.0&& |
| BMI-for-age Z-score >+1 * ; >+2** (Overweight + obesity) 95% CI | 13.3 – 19.5 | 8.7 – 17.3 | 9.1 – 22.2 | 9.7 – 18.3 | 16.2 – 29.8 |
* for children aged 5.1 years and older.
** for children aged 1–5 years.
[A], [B]: significant differences between groups (quartiles of sugar intake %EAS) when letters are different; Bonferroni, p<0.05.
&&Significant relationship between different groups of added sugar (%EAS) intake and (overweight + obesity), Chi square p<0.01.