Table 1.
Participant Characteristics at WHI Baseline
| Variable | Veteran N = 3,706 |
Non-Veteran N = 141,009 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | ||
| Age * | 67.1 | (8.0) | 63.3 | (7.2) | ||
| N | % | N | % | |||
| 50–59 years | 782 | 21.1 | 46,072 | 32.7 | ||
| 60–69 years | 1,077 | 29.1 | 64,328 | 45.6 | ||
| 70–79 years | 1,847 | 49.8 | 30,609 | 21.7 | ||
| Missing | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Race/Ethnicity | N | % | N | % | ||
| White | 3,229 | 87.1 | 116,161 | 82.4 | ||
| Black or African American | 263 | 7.1 | 12,736 | 9.0 | ||
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 45 | 1.2 | 3,957 | 2.8 | ||
| Hispanic/Latino | 85 | 2.3 | 5,532 | 3.9 | ||
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 24 | 0.7 | 597 | 0.4 | ||
| Other | 47 | 1.3 | 1,656 | 1.2 | ||
| Missing | 13 | 0.4 | 370 | 0.3 | ||
| Education | N | % | N | % | ||
| College degree or higher | 1,733 | 46.8 | 55,735 | 39.5 | ||
| Missing | 14 | 0.4 | 915 | 0.7 | ||
| Depression | M | Rangeπ | (SD) | M | Rangeπ | (SD) |
| Depressive Symptoms | 0.04 | 0–.94 | (0.12) | 0.0 4 | 0–.96 | (0.13) |
| Missing | 89 | 2.4 | 3,485 | 2.5 | ||
| Body Mass Index | N | % | N | % | ||
| Overweight (25.0 – 29.9) | 1,319 | 35.6 | 48,285 | 34.2 | ||
| Obese (> 30) | 1,062 | 28.7 | 41,764 | 29.6 | ||
| Missing | 39 | 1.1 | 1,292 | 0.9 | ||
| Physical Activity (MET Min/Week) | N | % | N | % | ||
| < 100 MET | 781 | 21.1 | 31,045 | 22.0 | ||
| 100–499 MET | 973 | 26.3 | 38,885 | 27.6 | ||
| 500 – 1200 MET | 1,093 | 29.5 | 40,263 | 28.6 | ||
| >1200 MET | 850 | 22.9 | 30,417 | 21.6 | ||
| Missing | 9 | 0.2 | 399 | 0.3 | ||
| Hypertension | N | % | N | % | ||
| 1,361 | 36.7 | 47,471 | 33.7 | |||
| Missing | 38 | 1.0 | 1,161 | 0.8 | ||
| Self-Reported Health | N | % | N | % | ||
| Excellent | 630 | 17 | 23,972 | 17 | ||
| Very Good | 1,594 | 43 | 57,814 | 41 | ||
| Good | 1,112 | 30 | 44,981 | 32 | ||
| Fair | 323 | 8.7 | 11,704 | 8.3 | ||
| Poor | 22 | 0.6 | 1,128 | 0 .7 | ||
| Missing | 25 | 0.7 | 1,410 | 1.0 | ||
| Smoking | N | % | N | % | ||
| Never | 1,625 | 43.9 | 71,190 | 50.5 | ||
| Past | 1,687 | 45.5 | 58,543 | 41.5 | ||
| Current | 317 | 8.6 | 9,469 | 6.7 | ||
| *Pack Years | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | ||
| 12.6 | (20.4) | 9.4 | (17.5) | |||
| Missing | 180 | 4.9 | 5,127 | 3.6% | ||
| Alcohol Use | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | ||
| Drinks Per Week | 2.52 | (5.0) | 2.38 | (4.9) | ||
| Missing | 11 | 0.3 | 249 | 0.2 | ||
| Comorbidities | M | (SD) | M | (SD) | ||
| Count | 2.02 | 1.1 | 1.80 | 1.4 | ||
| Missing | 595 | 16.1 | 19,966 | 14.2 | ||
| Physical Function | N | % | N | % | ||
| # with Score > 90 | 1,123 | 30.3 | 51,534 | 36.6 | ||
| Missing | 82 | 2.2 | 2,571 | 1.8 | ||
| Parent Broke Hip > age 40 | N | % | N | % | ||
| 1,286 | 34.7 | 51,667 | 36.6 | |||
| Missing | 341 | 9.2 | 11,264 | 8.0 | ||
| Fracture ≥ age 55 | N | % | N | % | ||
| 3 | 0.1 | 62 | 0.0 | |||
| Missing | 139 | 3.8 | 2,580 | 1.8 | ||
| Osteoporosis | N | % | N | % | ||
| 348 | 9.4 | 10,795 | 7.7 | |||
| Missing | 44 | 1.2 | 1,810 | 1.3 | ||
| Total Baseline Calcium Intake, mg | N | % | N | % | ||
| < 600 | 686 | 18.5 | 30,053 | 21.3 | ||
| 600–1200 | 1,401 | 37.8 | 53,032 | 37.6 | ||
| >1200 | 1,610 | 43.4 | 57,715 | 40.9 | ||
| Missing | 9 | 0.2 | 209 | 0.2 | ||
| Total Baseline Vitamin D Supplement Use, IU | N | % | N | % | ||
| < 400 | 3,042 | 82.1 | 118,645 | 84.1 | ||
| 400–600 | 561 | 15.1 | 18,501 | 13.1 | ||
| ➢ 600 | 94 | 2.5 | 3,654 | 2.6 | ||
| Missing | 9 | 0.2 | 209 | 0.2 | ||
| Medication Use^ | ||||||
| Psychoactive Med Use+ | N | % | N | % | ||
| # and % with current use | 448 | 12.1 | 17,522 | 14 | ||
| Bisphosphonates | N | % | N | % | ||
| # and % with current use | 78 | 2.1 | 2,879 | 2.0 | ||
| Corticosteroid | N | % | N | % | ||
| # and % with current use | 44 | 1.2 | 995 | 0.7 | ||
| Hormone Therapy Use | N | % | N | % | ||
| Never Used | 1,625 | 43.9 | 61,228 | 43.4 | ||
| Past User | 721 | 19.5 | 22,127 | 15.7 | ||
| Current User | 1,356 | 36.6 | 57,530 | 40.8 | ||
| Missing | 4 | 0.1 | 124 | 0.1 | ||
| WHI Component~ | N | % | N | % | ||
| Hormone Therapy Trial | 647 | 17.5 | 22,707 | 16.1 | ||
| Diet Modification Trial | 935 | 25.2 | 39,628 | 28.1 | ||
| Calcium and Vitamin D Trial | 764 | 20.6 | 30,049 | 21.3 | ||
| Observational Study | 2,291 | 61.8 | 85,034 | 60.3 | ||
Note. All variables presented are included as study covariates.
Age is included as a linear variable (years);
missing data on medication use is not available, participants were asked to endorse use, absence of data point signals non-use of medications,
psychoactive medication use includes antipsychotic, antiepileptic, anxiolytic, hypnotic and antidepressant drug use, for smoking we included Pack Years, taking into account the number of years smoked and the average number of cigarettes smoked daily, in the model.
The Burnam Scale for Depression utilizes a scoring algorithm that permits scores from 0–1 with a cutpoint of 0.06 signifiying probable current depression.
Participants could enroll in more than one study component, including more than one of the WHI related trials. As such, sums of the percent of participants across the WHI components exceed 100%,