OPN is highly expressed in dedifferentiated neurons and astrocytes, GBM tumors and glioma stem cells (GSCs). (a) Expression of OPN was validated by qPCR on paired normal/transformed astrocytes (n = 4) and neurons (n = 3). AGR53-nsph = dedifferentiated AGR53 astrocytes, NSynR53-nsph = dedifferentiated NSynR53 neurons. (b) Confocal analysis of HRas-shp53-induced tumors in the cortex of SynapsinI-Cre mice. Sections of the brain were stained with (i) OPN/CD44, (ii) OPN/Nestin, (iii) OPN/GFAP and (iv) OPN/Iba-1. GFP = tumor cells, DAPI = cell nuclei. For each panel, a representative image of the border and central part of the tumor is depicted. Arrows point to the border (dashed line) of the tumor. Scale bar = 150 μm. (c) Flow cytometry analysis of OPN and CD44 expression in dedifferentiated astrocytes (AGR53) and neurons (NSynR53) as well as in two GSC lines derived from the murine GBM model: 005 and NF53-10.