Table 2. Geomin Rotated Factor Loadings from Exploratory Factor Analyses of the Cultural Socialization Scale in the Pilot Study.

	Family Cultural Socialization				Peer Cultural Socialization
	Heritage Culture		Mainstream Culture		Heritage Culture		Mainstream Culture
Items	Overt	Covert	Overt	Covert	Overt	Covert	Overt	Covert
Overt Socialization Items
Teach/talk to me about the cultural bkg.	.77 *	.04	.53 *	.21	.51 *	.11	.54 *	.22 *a
Encourage me to respect the cultural values and beliefs	.74 *	.10	.67 *	.08	.59 *	.16	.77 *	.02
Teach/talk to me about the cultural values and beliefs	.88 *	-.06	.84 *	.00	.77 *	.06	.81 *	.00
Talk about how important it is to know about the cultural bkg.	.78 *	.02	.95 *	-.16 *	.79 *	.00	.97 *	-.18 *
Teach/talk to me about the history of the cultural bkg.	.83 *	-.05	.75 *	.06	.97 *	-.25 *	.75 *	.04
Feel a strong attachment to the cultural bkg.	.42 *	.33 *a	.35	.54 *	.36 *	.46 *a	.21 *	.59 *a
Covert Socialization Items
Participate in activities that are specific to the ethnic groupb	.06	.73 *	.17	.67 *	.17	.68 *	.10	.71 *
Decorate home/wear clothes with things that reflect the cultural bkg.	-.01	.71 *	.18	.54 *	.39 *	.41 *a	.11	.71 *
Hang out mostly with people who share the cultural bkg.	.02	.56 *	.26	.56 *	.00	.73 *	.08	.70 *
Celebrate holidays that are specific to the cultural bkg.	.21 *	.50 *a	-.05	.74 *	.31 *	.44 *a	-.05	.83 *
Listen to music sung or played by artists from the cultural bkg.	.03	.52 *	-.05	.77 *	-.09	.79 *	-.20 *	.87 *
Attend things such as concerts, plays, festivals, or other eventsb	-.14	.76 *	.18	.61 *	.14	.61 *	.00	.77 *

Note. Bkg = Background. Bolded items were used in the current study.

^aCross-loadings were determined by having significant loadings on more than one factor(s).

^bThese two items were combined into one item (attend things such as festivals, concerts, plays, or other events that represent the cultural background).

^*p < .05