Table 4. Measurement Equivalence of the Cultural Socialization Scale across Family Socialization of Heritage Culture, Family Socialization of Mainstream Culture, Peer Socialization of Heritage Culture, and Peer Socialization of Mainstream Culture.

Model	Invariance Type	Model Fit							Model Comparison
		CFI	NNFI	RMSEA	SRMR	χ2	df	c	ΔCFI	ΔNNFI	Δχ 2	Δdf	Δχ2-p
		Original Scale
1	Configural invariance	.955	.945	.046	.062	616.763	403	1.254
2	Metric invariance	.954	.946	.046	.066	644.094	424	1.235	.001	-.001	25.347	21	.232
3	Strong invariance	.934	.926	.054	.074	760.606	445	1.221	.020	.020	142.474	21	.000	***
3p	Partial strong invariance	.947	.940	.048	.070	690.299	439	1.229	.007	.006	50.099	15	.000	***
4	Strict invariance	.935	.930	.052	.078	765.434	457	1.240	.012	.010	66.929	18	.000	***
4p	Partial strict invariance	.940	.935	.050	.077	738.472	454	1.232	.007	.005	46.538	15	.000	***
Revised Scale
5	Configural invariance	0.971	0.962	0.043	0.053	302.109	206	1.245
6	Metric invariance	0.971	0.964	0.042	0.056	319.027	221	1.223	0.000	−0.002	15.250	15	.434
7	Strong invariance	0.962	0.955	0.047	0.061	364.643	236	1.206	0.009	0.009	51.805	15	.000	***
8	Strict invariance	0.945	0.940	0.054	0.074	439.259	254	1.236	0.017	0.015	63.372	18	.000	***
8p	Partial strict invariance	0.953	0.948	0.050	0.070	409.002	251	1.218	0.009	0.007	41.475	12	.000	***

Note. Items for the original scale and the revised scale are shown in Table 3. CFI = Comparative Fit Index; NNFI = Non-Normed Fit Index; RMSEA = Root Mean Square Error of Approximation; SRMR = Standardized Root Mean Square Residual; c = scaling correction factor for the maximum likelihood estimation with robust standard errors (MLR).

^***p < .001.