Table 1.

Some examples of improved stress resistance through genetic transformation.

Function/transgene		Source organism	Host species	Phenotype	Reference
Ion transporters	AlNHX	Aeluropus littoralis	Nicotiana tabacum	ST∗	Zhang et al., 2008a
	SbSOS1	Salicornia brachiata	N. tabacum	ST	Yadav et al., 2012
	GmHKT	Glycine max	N. tabacum	ST	Chen et al., 2014
Osmolyte synthesis	BvCMO	Beta vulgaris	N. tabacum	DT	Zhang et al., 2008b
	SeCMO	Salicornia europea	N. tabacum	ST	Wu et al., 2010
	betA	Escherichia coli	Zea mays	DT	Quan et al., 2004
	AtP5CS	Arabidopsis thaliana	Petunia hybrida	DT	Yamada et al., 2005
	OsP5CS	Oryza sativa	P. hybrida	DT	Yamada et al., 2005
	P5CS	Vigna aconitifolia	Triticum aestivum	DT	Vendruscolo et al., 2007
	mtlD	E. coli	T. aestivum	DT, ST	Abebe et al., 2003
	PsTP	Pleurotus sajor-caju	N. tabacum	DT	Han et al., 2005
	otsA and otsB	E. coli	O. sativa	DT, ST, LTT	Garg et al., 2002
Transcription factors	DREB1A/CBF3	A. thaliana	Festuca arundinacea	DT	Zhao et al., 2007
	AtDREB1A	A. thaliana	Arachis hypogaea	DT	Bhatnagar-Mathur et al., 2007
	MYB15	A. thaliana	A. thaliana	DT	Ding et al., 2009
	AP37	O. sativa	O. sativa	DT	Oh et al., 2009
Protective proteins (LEA, HSP)	sHSP17.7	O. sativa	O. sativa	DT	Sato and Yokoya, 2008
	HVA1	Hordeum vulgare	Morus indica	DT, ST	Lal et al., 2008
	BhLEA1 and 2	Boea hygrometrica	N. tabacum	DT	Liu et al., 2009
Antioxidant activity	VTE1	A. thaliana	N. tabacum	DT	Liu et al., 2008
	APX5	A. thaliana	N. tabacum	DT, ST	Badawi et al., 2004
	MnSOD	Pisum sativum	O. sativa	DT	Wang et al., 2005

^∗ST, salt tolerant; DT, drought tolerant; LTT, low temperature tolerant.