Table 1. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study population according to serum total bilirubin tertiles.
| Variable | Total bilirubin tertile | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (<12 µmol/L) | T2 (12-17 µmol/L) | T3 (>17 µmol/L) | ||
| Number | 154 | 154 | 152 | |
| Age, yr | 63.9±8.9 | 62.8±8.9 | 62.2±6.8 | 0.177 |
| Male sex | 95 (62) | 93 (60) | 98 (64) | 0.617 |
| Duration of diabetes, yr | 15.2±8.4 | 13.4±7.8 | 11.4±7.2 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.8±2.8 | 25.0±3.3 | 25.4±3.0 | 0.236 |
| Hypertension | 93 (60) | 80 (52) | 76 (50) | 0.068 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 135.5±16.7 | 131.5±14.8 | 131.7±15.0 | 0.04 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 78.1±8.8 | 77.6±8.5 | 78.3±9.3 | 0.777 |
| Current smoking | 46 (30) | 33 (21) | 27 (18) | 0.012 |
| HbA1c, % | 57 (50-68) | 56 (46-69) | 56 (49-67) | 0.568 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.5±0.9 | 4.6±0.9 | 4.5±0.9 | 0.67 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.8±0.8 | 2.9±0.8 | 2.8±0.8 | 0.317 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.2±0.3 | 1.3±0.3 | 1.3±0.3 | 0.017 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.5 (1.1-2.0) | 1.3 (1.0-1.9) | 1.3 (1.0-1.6) | 0.045 |
| Diabetic retinopathy | 73 (47) | 56 (36) | 45 (30) | 0.001 |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 50 (33) | 28 (18) | 19 (13) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 79.0±16.5 | 81.0±15.7 | 84.2±15.0 | 0.015 |
| Insulin use | 32 (21) | 25 (16) | 22 (14) | 0.144 |
| Statin use | 35 (23) | 38 (25) | 33 (22) | 0.835 |
| AST, IU/L | 23.4±8.0 | 24.8±10.1 | 24.6±9.1 | 0.381 |
| ALT, IU/L | 23.1±9.8 | 23.2±10.6 | 25.0±12.7 | 0.229 |
| Alcohol intake, g/day | 0.538 | |||
| <5 | 107 (69) | 111 (72) | 102 (67) | |
| 5-30 | 35 (23) | 34 (22) | 35 (23) | |
| >30 | 12 (8) | 9 (6) | 15 (10) | |
| Framingham 10-year risk, % | 17.8±8.2 | 15.6±7.4 | 14.7±7.3 | 0.002 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range).
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase.