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. 2015 Nov 12;9:303. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00303

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Copyright © 2015 Zanca, Braren, Maloney, Schrott, Luine and Serrano.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Environmental enrichment (EE) reduces forced swim immobility time and increases corticosterone (CORT) levels after acute stress. (A) Experimental design is illustrated across days for the two housing conditions and for the four stress treatments. (B) Time immobile during the FST for acute and chronic + acute groups show an overall significant effect of housing condition where EE-housed animals spent significantly less time immobile compared to standard (ST)-housed animals (*p < 0.05). (C) There was a significant increase in CORT levels after acute stress for both housing conditions compared to housing matched controls (^#p < 0.05). EE acute animals showed significantly higher CORT compared to ST in the same treatment (*p < 0.01). EE- and ST-housed animals showed a significant reduction in CORT after chronic stress compared to acute stress of the same housing condition (!p < 0.01). Chronic + acute stress treatment showed a significant increase in CORT for both ST- and EE-housed animals compared to chronic stress animals of the same housing condition (^∧p < 0.01).