TABLE 4.
Randomized controlled dietary trials assessing the effect of the direct substitution of high oleic oils for high linoleic oils on plasma lipids and lipoproteins1
| Author, year, (reference) | Design (type of diet) | Subjects/ baseline blood lipids, mmol/L | Duration of diet, d | HO diet (en%: from test fat) [diet en%] | Control oil diet (en%: from test fat) [diet en%] | TC, %Δ | LDL-C, %Δ | HDL-C, %Δ | TGs, %Δ | TC:HDL-C, %Δ | apoB, %Δ | apoA-1, %Δ |
| Mattson and Grundy, 1985 (23) | RC (liquid-diet) | US adults, 47–69 y, HC, n = 20; | 28 | (HO safflower oil: 40 en%) | (Safflower oil: 40 en%) | ↑3.1 | ↓0.8 | ↓8.5 | ↑7.8 | NR | NR | NR |
| TC: 6.80 | TF: [40 en%] | TF: [40 en%] | ||||||||||
| LDL-C: NR | SFAs: 3.4 | SFAs: 4.5 | ||||||||||
| HDL-C: NR | MUFAs: 29 | MUFAs: 5.9 | ||||||||||
| TGs: NR | PUFAs: 7 | PUFAs: 29.3 | ||||||||||
| Mensink and Katan, 1989 (63) | Par (mixed-food diet) | Dutch men and women, mean age 26 y, NC, n = 58; | 36 | (Olive oil: 7.3 en%) | (Sunflower oil: 7.7 en%) | ↓4.4a | ↓5.0a | ↓3.5 | ↑4.1 | NR | ↓6.2a | ↑0.6 |
| TC: 4.81 | TF: [37.4 en%] | TF: [37.6en%] | ||||||||||
| LDL-C: 3.27 | SFAs: 12.9 | SFAs: 12.6 | ||||||||||
| HDL-C: 1.34 | MUFAs: 15.1 | MUFAs: 10.8 | ||||||||||
| TGs: 0.99 | PUFAs: 7.9 | PUFAs: 12.7 | ||||||||||
| Mata et al., 1992 (64)2 | NRan, SC (mixed-food diet) | Spanish men, n = 46, mean age 33 y (18–61 y), NC; | 84 | (Olive oil: 20.7 en%) | (Sunflower oil: 18.0 en%) | ↓1.0 | ↓11.3 | ↑17.6b | ↑2.0 | ↓12.0c | NR | NR |
| TC: NR | TF: [37 en%] | TF: [37 en%] | ||||||||||
| LD-C: NR | SFAs: 13.2 | SFAs: 12.7 | ||||||||||
| HDL-C: NR | MUFAs: 19.7 | MUFAs: 11.2 | ||||||||||
| TGs: NR | PUFAs: 3.5 | PUFAs: 12.4 | ||||||||||
| Mata et al., 1992 (28) | NRan, SC (mixed-food diet) | Spanish women, mean age 43 y, NC, n = 21; | 42 | (Olive oil: 21.0 en%) | (Sunflower oil: 21.0 en%) | ↑1.5 | ↓5.1 | ↑11.9b | ↑10.5h | NR | ↑6.5b | ↑12.3b |
| TC: 4.94 | TF: [ 35.4 en%] | TF: [35.3 en%] | ||||||||||
| LDL-C: 2.92 | SFAs: 10.3 | SFAs: 9.9 | ||||||||||
| HDL-C: 1.55 | MUFAs: 21.4 | MUFAs: 12.4 | ||||||||||
| TGs: 0.96 | PUFAs: 3.3 | PUFAs: 12.5 | ||||||||||
| Wahrburg et al., 1992 (65) | RC (mixed-food diet) | German men, n = 21, and n = 17 women, 21–30 y, NC; | 28 | (Olive oil: 21.7 en%) | (Sunflower oil: 21.7 en%) | ↑1.5 | 0.0 | ↑2.2 | ↑5.0 | NR | ↑1.0 | ↑4.5b |
| TC: 5.17 | TF: [32.6 en%] | TF: [32.6 en%] | ||||||||||
| LDL-C: NR | SFAs: 10.2 | SFAs: 10.1 | ||||||||||
| HDL-C: NR | MUFAs: 16.0 | MUFAs: 9.9 | ||||||||||
| TGs: 1.13 | PUFAs: 4.1 | PUFAs: 10.3 | ||||||||||
| Kris-Etherton et al., 1993 (30) | RC (mixed-food diet) | US men, mean age 26 y, NC, n = 18; | 26 | (EV olive oil: 30 en%) | (Soybean oil: 30 en%) | ↑9.4d | ↑10.8 | ↑6.6 | ↑15.1 | NR | ↑17.4d | ↑4.0 |
| TC: NR | TF: [37.0 en%] | TF: [37.0 en%] | ||||||||||
| LDC-C: NR | SFAs: 6.0 | SFAs: 6.3 | ||||||||||
| HDL-C: NR | MUFAs: 27.2 | MUFAs: 10.1 | ||||||||||
| TGs: NR | PUFAs: 2.3 | PUFAs: 17.8 | ||||||||||
| Lichtenstein et al., 1993 (66) | RC (mixed-food diet) | US men and women, mean age 61 y, HC, n = 15; | 32 | (Olive oil: 20 en%) | (Corn oil: 20 en%) | ↑5.7d | ↑5.6 | 0.0 | ↑3.7 | ↑1.5 | ↑5.1 | 0.0 |
| TC: 5.71 | TF: [30.0 en%] | TF: [29.4en%] | ||||||||||
| LDL-C: 3.93 | SFAs: 6.9 | SFAs: 6.9 | ||||||||||
| HDL-C: 1.24 | MUFAs: 17.0 | MUFAs: 9.0 | ||||||||||
| TGs: 1.21 | PUFAs: 3.9 | PUFAs: 11.2 | ||||||||||
| Carmena et al., 1996 (67) | NRan, SC (mixed-food diet) | Spanish men, n = 18 mean age 57.3 y, NC; | 21 | (Olive oil: 30.5 en%) | (Sunflower oil: 31.0 en%) | ↑17.5b | ↑21.4b | ↑10.0a | 0.0 | NR | ↑10.8d | ↑2.5 |
| TC: NR | TF: [30.5 en%] | TF: [31.0en%] | ||||||||||
| LDL-C: NR | SFAs: 6.9 | SFAs: 6.8 | ||||||||||
| HDL-C: NR | MUFAs: 21.6 | MUFAs: 10.9 | ||||||||||
| TGs: NR | PUFAs: 4.7 | PUFAs: 13.3 | ||||||||||
| Mata et al., 1996 (33) | NRan, SC (mixed-food diet) | Spanish men, n = 24 and women, n = 18, mean age 45.5 y, NC; | 35 | (Olive oil: 19.3 en%) | (Sunflower oil: 17.8 en%) | ↑5.0b | ↑4.2b | ↑6.1b | ↑14.4b | NR | NR | NR |
| TC: NR | TF: [35.2 en%] | TF: [35.6en%] | ||||||||||
| LDL-C: NR | SFAs: 9.2 | SFAs: 9.5 | ||||||||||
| HDL-C: NR | MUFAs: 20.9 | MUFAs: 12.0 | ||||||||||
| TGs: NR | PUFAs: 4.0 | PUFAs: 12.5 | ||||||||||
| Pedersen et al., 2000 (68) | RC (mixed-food diet) | Danish men, 20–28 y, HC, n = 18; | 21 | (EV olive oil: 19 en%) | (Sunflower oil: 19 en%) | ↑10.9 | ↑14.2b | ↑7.7 | ↑19.4 | ↑3.0 | ↑15.1d | ↑8.4 |
| TC: 4.74 | TF: [35.0 en%] | TF: [35.0 en%] | ||||||||||
| LDL-C: 3.40 | SFAs: 11.0 | SFAs: 10.0 | ||||||||||
| HDL-C: 1.10 | MUFAs: 21.0 | MUFAs: 9.0 | ||||||||||
| TGs: 1.20 | PUFAs: 3.0 | PUFAs: 15.0 | ||||||||||
| Thijssen and Mensink, 2005 (69) | RC (mixed-food diet) | Dutch men, n = 18 and 27 women, 18–65 y, HC; | 35 | (Olive oil + HO sunflower oil: 22.6 en%) | (Safflower oil: 22.6 en%) | ↑1.2 | ↑1.6 | 0.0 | ↑0.08 | ↑0.07 | ↑2.0 | ↑0.07 |
| TC: 6.04 | TF: [37.7 en%] | TF: [38.0en%] | ||||||||||
| LDL-C: 4.33 | SFAs: 11.0 | SFAs: 11.2 | ||||||||||
| HDL-C: 1.48 | MUFAs: 19.1 | MUFAs: 12.5 | ||||||||||
| TGs: 1.15 | PUFAs: 5.0 | PUFAs: 11.8 | ||||||||||
| Lichtenstein et al., 2006 (18) | RC (mixed-food diet) | US men and women, n = 30, mean age 64 y, HC; | 35 | (HO soybean oil: 19.3 en%) | (Soybean oil: 20.8 en%) | ↑0.17 | ↑1.1 | ↑3.0 | ↓3.6 | ↓3.9 | ↓1.0 | ↑2.5 |
| TC: 5.75 | TF: [29.0 en%] | TF: [31.2 en%] | ||||||||||
| LDL-C: 3.86 | SFAs: 6.5 | SFAs: 6.5 | ||||||||||
| HDL-C: 1.28 | MUFAs: 18.9 | MUFAs: 6.5 | ||||||||||
| TGs: 1.63 | PUFAs: 2.8 | PUFAs: 12.7 |
1
Changes labeled with a letter are significant: aP < 0.05; bP < 0.001; cP < 0.005; dP < 0.01. apoA-1, apolipoprotein A-1; apoB, apolipoprotein B; en%, percentage of energy; EV, extra virgin; HC, hypercholesterolemic (LDL ≥3.36 mmol/L), as reported or calculated according to Freidwald et al. (42); HDL-C, HDL cholesterol; HO, high oleic acid; LDL-C, LDL cholesterol; NC, normocholesterolemic; NR, not reported; NRan, nonrandomized; Par, parallel; RC, randomized crossover; SC, sequential crossover; TC, total cholesterol; TF, total fat; %∆, percentage of change.
2
Reported effects in women were excluded due to unequal treatment exposure times (days) for MUFAs and PUFAs.