Table 4.

Dichotomous Moderators of Supervised Exercise Interventions

Moderator	k1	ES1	k0	ES0	Q btwn	p
Publication source	118	0.29	14	0.18	0.98	.321
Journal article (1) dissertation/thesis (0)
Presence of funding	87	0.27	46	0.32	0.28	.598
Funded (1) vs. no/not reported (0)
Randomization	92	0.29	41	0.27	0.03	.874
Individual (1) vs. group/site (0)
Occupation	27	0.36	17	0.21	1.82	.177
College students (1) vs. employed (0)
Fitness testing	17	0.37	116	0.26	1.70	.192
Yes (1) vs. no (0)
Exercise prescription	79	0.30	54	0.26	0.23	.628
Yes (1) vs. no (0)
Active prior to intervention	14	0.22	119	0.29	0.26	.607
Active (1) vs. sedentary (0)
Overweight at baseline	29	0.40	103	0.25	2.04	.154
Overweight (1) vs. not reported (0)
Obese at baseline	10	0.84	10	0.10	6.91	.009**
Obese (1) vs. not obese (0)
Exercise Intensity	6	0.40	29	0.13	4.69	.030*
Low (1) vs. high (0)
Flexibility exercises	37	0.21	96	0.28	0.63	.429
Yes (1) vs. no (0)
Resistance exercises	13	0.10	120	0.28	0.37	.542
Yes (1) vs. no (0)

k = number of comparisons

ES = effect size (d index)

Q_btwn = heterogeneity statistic (weighted squared deviations from summary effect)

p = test of statistical significance

^*p < .05

^**p < .01

^***p < .001