Table 2.

Mean domain scores on the World Health Organisation quality of life-brief scale

Domain	Current Study Mean (±SD)	Possible Range	Early Recoverya Mean (±SD)	Normative Datab Mean (±SD)
Psychological	46.79 (18.89)	0–100	65.24 (13.44)**	71.4 (17.5)**
Physical	61.25 (19.78)	0–100	72.92 (17.01)*	85.4 (10.9)**
Social relations	51.16 (24.56)	0–100	62.26 (20.44)†	72.9 (18.8)**
Environment	57.81 (21.18)	0–100	68.70 (15.81)*	74.3 (14.0)**

Note. Significant differences to current results: †p < .10 (trend) *p < .05. **p < .001. ^aRecovery defined as recovery duration < 5 years, n = 35, mean age = 42.6, from Hibbert, L. J., & Best, D. W., (2011). Assessing recovery and functioning in former problem drinkers at different stages of their recovery journeys. Drug and Alcohol Review, 30,12–20. ^bGeneral population norms in Victoria, Australia, n = 41, age range = 20–29, from Hawthorne, G., Herrman, H., & Murphy, B. (2006). Interpreting the WHOQOL-BREF: Preliminary norms and effect sizes. Social Indicators Research, 77, 37–59