Table 1.
Characteristics of reported cases of propofol infusion syndrome and univariate mortality risk
| Frequency, n (%) | Unadjusted mortality risk | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | P | 95 % CI | ||
| Demography | ||||
| Elderly (age >55 years) | 29 (19 %) | 0.11 | <0.001 | 0.04–0.34 |
| Child (age <18 years) | 56 (36 %) | 1.4 | 0.318 | 0.72–2.7 |
| Male sex | 80 (60 %)a | 0.85 | 0.646 | 0.42–1.7 |
| Underlying disease | ||||
| Respiratory infection | 22 (14 %) | 2.28 | 0.093 | 0.87–6.0 |
| Traumatic brain injury | 43 (28 %) | 4.7 | <0.001 | 2.1–10.5 |
| Status epilepticus | 30 (20 %) | 0.67 | 0.331 | 0.3–1.5 |
| Non-trauma neurological dg. (cerebral vascular malformation, aneurysm, sinus thrombosis, brain tumor etc.) | 15 (10 %) | 0.60 | 0.36 | 0.2–1.8 |
| Other | 43 (28 %) | 0.25 | <0.001 | 0.12–0.54 |
| Propofol dose and duration of infusion | ||||
| Average dose (continuous variable) | 128 (84 %)b | 1.12 | 0.08 | 0.99–1.28 |
| Average dose above 5 mg/kg per hour | 76 (59 %) | 4.20 | <0.001 | 1.98–8.9 |
| Duration (continuous variable) | 150 (98 %)c | 1.005 | 0.109 | 0.999–1.012 |
| Duration <20 hours | 30 (20 %) | 1.00 | N/A | N/A |
| Duration 20–60 hours versus <20 hours | 35 (23 %) | 43.5 | <0.001 | 9.9–191.4 |
| Duration >60 hours versus <20 hours | 85 (57 %) | 10.6 | <0.001 | 3.0–37.7 |
| Cumulative dose (continuous variable) | 128 (84 %)b | 1.001 | 0.079 | 0.999–1.002 |
| Cumulative dose above 360 mg/kg | 76 (59 %) | 2.74 | 0.007 | 1.33–5.68 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Metabolic acidosis | 117 (77 %) | 2.48 | 0.024 | 1.13–5.45 |
| Brugada-like or ischaemic ECG | 102 (67 %) | 3.29 | 0.001 | 1.61–6.73 |
| Arrhythmia | 101 (66 %) | 4.6 | <0.001 | 2.19–9.55 |
| Rhabdomyolysis | 85 (56 %) | 1.44 | 0.27 | 0.76–2.73 |
| Acute kidney injury | 60 (39 %) | 1.02 | 0.944 | 0.53–1.96 |
| Hypotension | 45 (30 %) | 2.15 | 0.037 | 1.05–4.4 |
| Hyperkalaemia | 37 (24 %) | 2.86 | 0.009 | 1.29–6.34 |
| Hypertriglyceridaemia | 37 (24 %) | 1.79 | 0.132 | 0.84–3.83 |
| Cardiac failure | 35 (23 %) | 1.17 | 0.4 | 0.55–2.49 |
| Fever | 29 (19 %) | 8.25 | <0.001 | 2.71–25.15 |
| Abnormal liver function test | 20 (13 %) | 0.94 | 0.899 | 0.37–2.4 |
| Discolouration of urine | 16 (11 %) | 2.27 | 0.148 | 0.75–6.87 |
| Hepatomegaly or fatty liver | 16 (11 %) | 4.73 | 0.019 | 1.29–17.36 |
| Pulmonary oedema | 4 (3 %) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
aMissing sex in 19 (12 %) patients
bMissing value for propofol dose in 25 (16 %) patients
cMissing value for duration in 3 (2 %) patients
CI Confidence interval, ECG Electrocardiograph, N/A Not available