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. 2015 Oct 20;6(12):1282–1294. doi: 10.7150/jca.13028

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Delivery of Dox into the tumor-bearing PALN using intranodal administration with ALs in the presence of US. (A) Representative immunofluorescence images of tumor-bearing PALNs half an hour after treatment. The nuclei were stained blue with DAPI; the lymphatic endothelia (LE) or blood vessels (BV) were stained green with Alexa-488-conjugated anti-LYVE-1 antibody or anti-CD31 antibody; and the red regions indicate the areas to which Dox was delivered. Little or no Dox fluorescence was detected in the PBS alone (n = 5), Dox alone iv (n = 5) and Dox+AL+US iv (n = 5) groups. Weak Dox fluorescence was detected around the LE in the Dox alone (i.e. intranodal administration) group (n = 5). Dox fluorescence of strong intensity was detected around the LE in the Dox+AL+US group (n = 7), and Dox reached the tumor tissues within the PALN (T: tumor). Scale bars represent 200 μm. (B) Distribution of the gray-scale intensity of the red signals shown in Figure 3A. Exposure to ALs and US substantially enhanced the delivery of Dox into the tumor-bearing PALN. (C) Mean gray-scale intensities of the Dox red signals in the ROIs (1600 μm × 1200 μm). Error bars represent the SD. Statistical comparisons were made using one-way ANOVA and a Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01.