Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics
| Characteristic | Total (N= 2,118) | DSE (N=1,044) | ILI (N=1,074) | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women; n (%) | 1189 (56.1) | 589 (56.4) | 600 (55.9) | 0.7981 |
| Age, years; mean (SD) | 59.1 (6.9) | 59.1 (7.0) | 59 (6.9) | 0.6243 |
| Ethnicity; n (%) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic African American | 215 (10.2) | 109 (10.4) | 106 (9.9) | |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 8 (0.4) | 5 (0.5) | 3 (0.3) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 11 (0.5) | 3 (0.3) | 8 (0.7) | 0.4438 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1614 (76.2) | 790 (75.7) | 824 (76.7) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 230 (10.9) | 113 (10.8) | 117 (10.9) | |
| Other (multiple) | 40 (1.9) | 24 (2.3) | 16 (1.5) | |
| Baseline measurements | ||||
| Diabetes Duration, years; median (IQR) | 5 (2 to 10) | 5 (2 to 10) | 5 (2 to 10) | 0.5205 |
| HbA1c, %; mean (SD) | 7.2 (1.16) | 7.3 (1.19) | 7.2 (1.14) | 0.6882 |
| Insulin use; n (%) | 313 (14.8) | 162 (15.5) | 151 (14.1) | 0.3446 |
| BMI, kg/m2; mean (SD) | 36.3 (6.1) | 36.3 (6.0) | 36.3 (6.1) | 0.8976 |
| Smoking; n (%) | ||||
| Year 0 | 80 (3.8) | 42 (4) | 38 (3.5) | 0.5524 |
| Year 1 | 71 (3.5) | 37 (3.8) | 34 (3.3) | 0.5957 |
| Anti-depressant use; n (%) | ||||
| Year 0 | 396 (18.7) | 189 (18.1) | 207 (19.3) | 0.4898 |
| Year 1 | 396 (19.7) | 201 (20.4) | 195 (19.1) | 0.5223 |
| Weight, kg; mean (SD) | ||||
| Year 0 | 102.5 (19.2) | 102.3 (18.8) | 102.7 (19.5) | 0.6139 |
| Year 1 | 97.2 (19.4) | 101.2 (18.8) | 93.3 (19.2) | <0.0001 |
| Absolute change from baseline | −5.28 (7.89) | −1.05 (5.34) | −9.36 (7.81) | <0.0001 |
| BDI; mean (SD) | ||||
| Year 0 | 5.5 (4.9) | 5.5 (4.6) | 5.5 (5.2) | 0.9321 |
| Year 1 | 4.7 (5.2) | 5.2 (5.0) | 4.2 (5.2) | <0.0001 |
| Absolute change from baseline | −0.78 (4.72) | −0.29 (4.52) | −1.26 (4.85) | <0.0001 |
*
P-values obtained using: independent samples t test results for quantitative variables with reported mean (SD); Wilcoxon rank sum test results for quantitative variables with reported median (IQR); and chi-square test results for categorical variables with reported n (%).