Table 2.
Associations between positive affect (per SD [8.8-point] increase) and health behaviors at baseline
| Model | Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval)
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physically active (n = 1007) | Good sleep quality (n = 1009) | Medication adherence (n = 1000) | Non-smoker (n = 1008) | |
| Unadjusted | 1.79 (1.56, 2.06) | 1.72 (1.49, 1.99) | 1.61 (1.28, 2.02) | 1.51 (1.29, 1.78) |
| Adjusted for demographicsa | 1.78 (1.54, 2.06) | 1.70 (1.46, 1.98) | 1.54 (1.22, 1.96) | 1.34 (1.13, 1.60) |
| Adjusted for above plus BMI, HDL cholesterol, and history of revascularization | 1.75 (1.52, 2.03) | 1.69 (1.45, 1.97) | 1.60 (1.25, 2.03) | 1.40 (1.17, 1.68) |
| Adjusted for above plus baseline depressive symptoms | 1.52 (1.30, 1.77) | 1.24 (1.04, 1.48) | 1.46 (1.12, 1.90) | 1.29 (1.06, 1.57) |
Notes: All p-values < 0.001, except in fully-adjusted models for medication adherence (p = 0.005), sleep quality (p = 0.015), and non-smoking (p = 0.012).
Age, education (high school graduate), low income (income < $20,000/year)
Physically active was defined as engaging in physical activity at least 3 to 4 times per month (versus 2 or fewer times per month) (Whooley et al. 2008).
Good sleep quality was defined as ratings of “good,” “fairly good,” or “very good” sleep (versus “fairly bad” or “very bad” sleep) (Caska et al. 2009).
Medication adherence was defined as taking medications as prescribed 90–100% of the time (Gehi et al. 2007).
Non-smoking was defined as a response of “No” to the question, “Do you currently smoke cigarettes?”