Table 4.

Association Between Antihypertensive Use and Recurrent Falls Controlling for Covariates

Antihypertensive Medication Use*	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adj. OR (95% CI)†
Any use	1.89 (1.61–2.21)	1.13 (0.88–1.46)
Long duration (≥2 y)	1.89 (1.60–2.24)	1.15 (0.88–1.49)
Short duration	1.89 (1.57–2.28)	1.11 (0.83–1.49)
SDD ≥2	2.12 (1.69–2.69)	1.21 (0.82–1.78)
SDD 1–2	1.93 (1.61–2.31)	1.05 (0.78–1.42)
SDD <1	1.79 (1.48–2.16)	1.16 (0.88–1.52)
Specific class use‡
Beta blockers	1.22 (1.01–1.46)	1.06 (0.82–1.36)
Alpha blockers	1.29 (1.03–1.63)	1.25 (0.94–1.67)
Loop diuretics	1.60 (1.27–2.01)	1.50 (1.11–2.03)
Thiazide diuretics	0.97 (0.82–1.15)	0.87 (0.68–1.10)
Calcium channel blockers	1.23 (1.04–1.45)	1.06 (0.84–1.33)
ACE inhibitors	1.22 (1.01–1.47)	1.10 (0.85–1.42)
ARBs	1.35 (1.03–1.76)	1.17 (0.80–1.71)

Notes: ACE = angiotensin converting enzyme; adj = adjusted; ARB = angiotensin II receptor blocker; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.

*Reference group is no use.

^†Controlling for variables forced into the model (ie, site, heart failure, BPH, cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, self-reported hypertension [controlled/uncontrolled], drugs that increase risk of falls) and those from forward selection procedures (ie, education, age, marital status, alcohol use, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, pulmonary disease, arthritis, urinary problems, vision problems, total number of prescription medications, syncope).

^‡Each antihypertensive subclass was run as a separate model and controlled for antihypertensive subclass use other than the subclass being evaluated.