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Outline of the staged approach for pathway analysis of lung function. We performed standard GWAS of pulmonary function measures in two large, independent consortia: CHARGE and SpiroMeta. Gene set enrichment analysis was initially applied to the CHARGE consortium's pulmonary function GWAS (Step 1), and subsequently performed on SpiroMeta's GWAS (Step 2). Only pathways that were significantly enriched in Step 1 and replicated in Step 2 were used for further analysis.
