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. 2015 Oct 15;68(3):365–370. doi: 10.5173/ceju.2015.642

Table 1.

Outcomes of different surgical treatment options

Pregnancy rate Recurrence Hydrocele formation
Open surgery 33.57-37.6% 5.51-14.97% (Palomo)
2.63%
(Ivanissevich)
8.24-9.09% (Palomo)
7.3%
(Ivanissevich)
Laparoscopy 30.07-40.4% 4.3–6.1% 2.84%
Microsurgical 41.97-50.9% 0-1.05% 0.44%
Radiological embolization 31.93-33.2% 4.29-12.7% Not available – not typically seen