Table 2.
Bivariate analysis of risk factors for recurrence of skin and soft tissue infection and negative one-week outcome.
| Recurrence (n=193) | Negative 1 week outcome (n=225) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| Demographic variables | OR | CI | P | OR | CI | P |
| Age | 0.98 | 0.95–1.01 | 0.12 | 1.01 | 0.99–1.05 | 0.30 |
| Gender, % female | 1.62 | 0.84–3.10 | 0.15 | 1.02 | 0.43–2.44 | 0.96 |
| Race | ||||||
| Black | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||
| White | 0.43 | 0.14–1.35 | 0.15 | 2.03 | 0.68–6.07 | 0.20 |
| Other | 2.17 | 0.30–15.9 | 0.45 | 1.68 | 0.19–14.67 | 0.64 |
| Insurance | ||||||
| Medicaid | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||
| Private | 0.87 | 0.44–1.75 | 0.70 | 1.79 | 0.72–4.47 | 0.21 |
| Medicare | 0.32 | 0.07–1.5 | 0.16 | 1 | (empty) | |
| Self-pay/uninsured | 0.94 | 0.30–2.98 | 0.92 | 1.56 | 0.30–7.95 | 0.60 |
| Any comorbidities | 0.77 | 0.39–1.50 | 0.44 | 1.08 | 0.42–2.78 | 0.86 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| None | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||
| Diabetes | 1.18 | 0.46–2.99 | 0.734 | 1.96 | 0.65–5.86 | 0.23 |
| HIV/immunocompromised | 1.05 | 0.30–3.61 | 0.944 | 1 | (empty) | |
| Multiple | 0.86 | 0.26–2.86 | 0.799 | 1.12 | 0.13–9.58 | 0.91 |
| Other | 0.15 | 0.02–1.15 | 0.068 | 0.75 | 0.09–6.15 | 0.79 |
| Prior history of SSTI | 4.24 | 1.86–9.65 | <0.001 | 1.13 | 0.46–2.79 | 0.79 |
| Prior history, when | ||||||
| No prior history | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||
| Unknown | 1.54 | 0.44–5.37 | 0.50 | 0.3 | 0.06–1.62 | 0.17 |
| Past 2 months | 4.68* | 1.58–13.90 | <0.01 | 0.98 | 0.31–3.14 | 0.97 |
| Past 3–6 months | 4.84* | 1.43–16.40 | 0.01 | 0.55 | 0.11–2.84 | 0.47 |
| Past 7–12 months | 1.98 | 0.60–6.57 | 0.26 | 0.94 | 0.29–3.00 | 0.91 |
| Prior hospitalization (Y/N) | 0.73 | 0.33–1.6 | 0.43 | 0.48 | 0.14–1.69 | 0.25 |
| Household size | ||||||
| Live alone | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||
| 2–4 in household | 1.48 | 0.55–3.97 | 0.43 | 0.46 | 0.14–1.58 | 0.22 |
| 5 or more in household | 0.77 | 0.22–2.75 | 0.69 | 1.68 | 0.44–6.48 | 0.45 |
| Homeless | 1 | (empty) | 1.00 | 0.09–10.66 | 1.00 | |
| Children in household | 1.04 | 0.55–1.96 | 0.91 | 1.40 | 0.59–3.32 | 0.45 |
| Recent antibiotic use | 1.30 | 0.69–2.45 | 0.42 | 1.16 | 0.48–2.81 | 0.74 |
| * Contact with someone with MRSA/boils | 2.24 | 1.07–4.70 | 0.03 | 0.65 | 0.18–2.29 | 0.50 |
| Recurrence (n=193) | Negative 1 week outcome (n=225) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| Clinical features | OR | CI | P | OR | CI | P |
| Abscess location | ||||||
| Axilla | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||
| Buttock | 0.64 | 0.26–1.57 | 0.33 | 3.28 | 0.80–13.52 | 0.10 |
| Extremities | 0.53 | 0.18–1.56 | 0.25 | 1.98 | 0.42–9.40 | 0.39 |
| Face | 0.37 | 0.11–1.27 | 0.12 | 0.79 | 0.08–8.00 | 0.84 |
| Perineum | 1.04 | 0.36–2.96 | 0.95 | 0.79 | 0.08–8.00 | 0.84 |
| Trunk | 0.36 | 0.13–1.03 | 0.06 | 3.57 | 0.86– 4.76 | 0.08 |
| Multiple sites | 1.25 | 0.50–3.09 | 0.63 | 2.06 | 0.70–6.06 | 0.19 |
| Abscess diameter | ||||||
| <1cm | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||
| 1–2cm | 0.95 | 0.30–2.97 | 0.93 | 2.82 | 0.34–23.26 | 0.33 |
| 3–5cm | 1.22 | 0.40–3.73 | 0.73 | 2.04 | 0.25–16.92 | 0.51 |
| >5cm | 3.00 | 0.70–12.88 | 0.14 | 1.27 | 0.07–21.97 | 0.87 |
| Erythema size | ||||||
| <2cm | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||
| 3–5cm | 1.06 | 0.52–2.16 | 0.87 | 0.93 | 0.33–2.61 | 0.89 |
| >5cm | 0.68 | 0.25–1.85 | 0.45 | 1.53 | 0.50–4.68 | 0.46 |
| Prescribed antibiotics | 0.91 | 0.45–1.84 | 0.79 | 0.34 | 0.14–0.82 | 0.02 |
| Prescriptions | ||||||
| Clindamycin | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||
| Beta lactams | 1.63 | 0.51–5.20 | 0.41 | 1.02 | 0.11–9.10 | 0.98 |
| TMP-SMX | 0.46 | 0.17–1.27 | 0.14 | 2.79 | 0.72–10.73 | 0.14 |
| TMP-SMX and Beta lactams | 0.58 | 0.17–1.93 | 0.37 | 0.70 | 0.08–6.09 | 0.74 |
| Use of packing | 3.30 | 1.01–9.88 | 0.03 | 4.30 | 0.56–32.99 | 0.16 |
| Use of irrigation and debridement | 0.77 | 0.07–8.71 | 0.84 | 1 | (empty) | |
| Provider type | ||||||
| PA | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||
| Attending | 0.52 | 0.23–1.16 | 0.11 | 1.86 | 0.70 – 4.89 | 0.21 |
| Resident | 0.40 | 0.15–1.04 | 0.06 | 1.62 | 0.48 – 5.47 | 0.44 |
| Provider experience* | ||||||
| <10 | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||
| 10–50 | 0.53 | 0.18–1.61 | 0.26 | 0.55 | 0.17–1.80 | 0.33 |
| >50 | 0.66 | 0.26–1.73 | 0.40 | 0.42 | 0.14–1.26 | 0.12 |
| Recurrence (n=193) | Negative 1 week outcome (n=225) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| OR | CI | P | OR | CI | P | |
| Pathogen parameters | ||||||
| Wound culture result | ||||||
| MRSA | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||
| MSSA | 1.27 | 0.51–3.16 | 0.61 | 0.83 | 0.23–3.02 | 0.78 |
| Other | 0.95 | 0.10–2.59 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.33–2.48 | 0.86 |
| S. aureus colonization | 0.95 | 0.51–1.79 | 0.88 | 1.07 | 0.45–2.54 | 0.88 |
| S. aureus colonization sites | ||||||
| None | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||
| One | 0.81 | 0.35–1.87 | 0.62 | 0.73 | 0.22–2.40 | 0.60 |
| Two | 1.08 | 0.51–2.27 | 0.84 | 1.40 | 0.53–3.69 | 0.50 |
| MRSA colonization | 0.91 | 0.44–1.88 | 0.79 | 1.02 | 0.38–2.72 | 0.97 |
| MRSA sites | ||||||
| None | 1 | Ref | 1 | Ref | ||
| One | 0.31 | 0.09–1.10 | 0.07 | 0.55 | 0.12–2.51 | 0.44 |
| Two | 2.09 | 0.84–5.22 | 0.11 | 1.76 | 0.54–5.77 | 0.35 |
HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; SSTI, skin and soft tissue infections; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
TMP-SMX, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; PA, physician assistant
*
Number of prior incision and drainage procedures.
MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSSA, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus