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Activation of the UPR by HIV PIs. (A) Representative immunoblots against CHOP, ATF-4, XBP-1, and lamin B from the nuclear extracts of IEC-6 cells treated with individual HIV PIs (0–25 μmol/L) for 4 hours. Lamin B was used as a loading control of nuclear protein. (B–D) Relative protein levels of CHOP, XBP-1, and ATF-4. Statistical significance relative to vehicle control: *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.
