Table 2.

Stage-specific surveillance guidelines by country during disease years 1–5

	Australia/New Zealand98–100	Canada101	Germany14,102–104	United Kingdom105–107	United States108–112	The Netherlands113–116	Switzerland117,118
Number of visits per year
Stage I
Years 1–2	1–2	2–4	3–4	2–6	1–3	3–4	2
Year 3	1–2	2–4	3–4	2–3	1–3	3–4	2
Years 4–5	1–2	2–4	2	1–2	1–3	4–5	1–2
Stage II
Years 1–2	1–4	4	2–4	4	2–4	3	2–4
Year 3	1–4	4	2–4	2	1–4	3	2–4
Years 4–5	1–4	2	2–4	2	1–4	2	2–3
Stage III
Years 1–2	2–4	4	2–4	4	2–4	4	4
Year 3	2–4	4	2–4	2	1–4	4	4
Years 4–5	2–4	2	2–4	2	1–4	4	2
Recommended evaluations
Self-examination	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Routine diagnostic imaging
Stage I	Sonography of regional nodal basin	No	Sonography of regional nodal basin	Photography, abdominal sonography, chest X-ray	Chest X-ray	No	Chest X-ray, sonography of regional nodal basin
Stage II	Sonography of regional nodal basin	Chest X-ray, bone and liver-spleen scan	Chest X-ray, CT/MRI, and PET	Photography, abdominal sonography, chest x-ray	Chest X-ray, CT of chest, abdomen, and pelvis	No	Sonography of regional nodal basin, PET or CT
Stage III	Sonography of regional nodal basin	Chest X-ray, bone and liver-spleen scan	Chest radiography, CT/MRI, and PET	Clinical photography, abdominal sonography, chest X-ray	PET/CT	No	Sonography of regional nodal basin, PET or CT
Symptom-initiated					Chest X-ray, PET, CT, MRI, PET/CT		Abdominal sonography, CT, MRI, PET/CT (for nonstage III)
Laboratory assessment	No	CBC, liver function test	S100 serum protein (≧ stage II)	CBC, liver function, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase	No	No	S–100 serum protein (≧ stage II)

Note: Copyright © 2012. Reproduced from Wolters Kluwer Health. Cromwell KD, Ross MI, Xing Y, et al. Variability in melanoma post-treatment surveillance practices by country and physician specialty: a systematic review. Melanoma Res. 2012;22(5):376–385.59

Abbreviations: CBC, complete blood cell count; CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PET, positron emission tomography.