Table 4.
Relationships between socio-demographic characteristics and health outcomes among older men in India
| SRH (poor) n = 640 Adjusted OR |
Lung function (abnormal) n = 640 Adjusted OR |
ADL (difficulty) n = 637 Adjusted OR |
Grip strength (low) n = 640 Adjusted OR |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residence(rural) | 1.341 (0.545 – 3.3) | 0.666 (0.328 – 1.352) | 0.819 (0.367 – 1.826) | 0.683 (0.323 – 1.446) |
| Age(45–60) | 0.199(0.076 – 0.519)*** | 3.189 (1.419 – 7.168) *** | 0.112 (0.04 – 0.318)*** | 0.659 (0.24 – 1.809) |
| Age(60–75) | 0.518 (0.213 – 1.262) | 1.698 (0.744 – 3.875) | 0.332 (0.125 – 0.885) * | 0.673 (0.219 – 2.066) |
| Education(primary) | 1.28 (0.675 – 2.426) | 3.865 (2.02 – 7.397) *** | 1.045 (0.403 – 2.71) | 0.368 (0.199 – 0.68) *** |
| Education(secondary) | 1.146 (0.513 – 2.558) | 3.02 (1.672 – 5.452) *** | 0.774 (0.356 – 1.684) | 0.434 (0.248 – 0.758) *** |
| Education(higher) | 0.503 (0.176 – 1.439) | 2.308 (1.378 – 3.868)*** | 1.028 (0.403 – 2.62) | 0.513 (0.25 – 1.05)** |
| Income quintile 2(upper middle) | 0.75 (0.326 – 1.72) | 0.968 (0.475 – 1.973) | 0.607 (0.228 – 1.613) | 2.14 (0.896 – 5.115)** |
| Income quintile 3(middle) | 1.308 (0.573 – 2.986) | 2.993 (1.487 – 6.026) *** | 1.18 (0.408 – 3.414) | 2.859 (1.223 – 6.682) * |
| Income quintile 4(poor) | 0.946 (0.333 – 2.689) | 0.748 (0.389 – 1.439) | 0.603 (0.216 – 1.675) | 1.504 (0.75 – 3.014) |
| Income quintile 5(poorest) | 0.95 (0.386 – 2.342) | 1.354 (0.545 – 3.362) | 0.996 (0.370 – 2.679) | 1.74 (0.854 – 3.542) |
| Marital status(single) | 2.746 (1.102 – 6.845)* | 1.193 (0.664 – 2.144) | 0.873 (0.308 – 2.476) | 1.343 (0.467 – 3.862) |
| Scheduled tribe | 1.28 (0.675 – 2.426) | 2.228 (0.753 – 6.593) | 1 | 0.9 (0.363 – 2.235) |
| Other background class | 1.146 (0.513 – 2.558) | 0.791 (0.4 – 1.566) | 1.305 (0.561 – 3.034) | 1.48 (0.755 – 2.901) |
| No tribe/caste/background class | 0.503 (0.318 – 2.164) | 0.521 (0.263 – 1.034)** | 0.982 (0.405 – 2.381) | 0.98(0.519 – 1.848) |
| Smoker(yes) | 1.352 (0.782 – 2.337) | 1.319 (0.734 – 2.371) | 2.234 (0.966 – 5.168)** | 1.68 (0.866 – 3.529) |
| Indoor smoking (yes) | 1.165 (0.662 – 2.051) | 0.932 (0.503 – 1.724) | 0.735 (0.312 – 1.73) | 0.585 (0.309 –1.108)** |
| Cooking under chimney(yes) | 1.234 (0.644 – 2.365) | 1.339 (0.848 – 2.113) | 0.878 (0.467 – 1.653) | 1.339 (0.764 – 2.347) |
| Model F | 1.76** | 3.64*** | 3.04*** | 2.39*** |
SRH self-rated health, OR odds ratio, ADL activities of daily living
* p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.1; *** p ≤ 0.001