Table 5.
Relationships between socio-demographic characteristics and health outcomes among older women in India
| SRH (poor) n = 667 Adjusted OR |
Lung function (abnormal) n = 668 Adjusted OR |
ADL (difficulty) n = 661 Adjusted OR |
Grip strength (low) n = 668 Adjusted OR |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residence(rural) | 1.689 (0.849 – 3.362) ** | 1.06 (0.604 – 1.86) | 0.815 (0.396 – 1.678) | 1.34 (0.888 – 2.046) |
| Age(45–60) | 0.2 (0.082 – 0.489)*** | 1.817 (0.907 – 3.64) ** | 0.197 (0.099 – 0.392)*** | 0.609 (0.208 – 1.784) |
| Age(60–75) | 0.456 (0.187 – 1.113)** | 1.145 (0.556 – 2.359) | 0.297 (0.123 – 0.392) *** | 0.634 (0.237 – 1.701) |
| Education(primary) | 1.179 (0.603 – 2.305) | 2.592 (1.513 – 4.442) *** | 1.788 (0.881 – 3.626) | 0.402 (0.222 – 0.727) *** |
| Education(secondary) | 1.09 (0.538 – 2.205) | 1.873 (1.196 – 2.933) *** | 0.857 (0.46 – 1.596) | 1.164 (0.65 – 2.086) |
| Education(higher) | 0.433 (0.091 – 2.048) | 3.571 (1.431 – 8.91) *** | 0.653 (0.159 – 2.689) | 0.425 (0.153 – 1.178) ** |
| Income quintile 2(upper middle) | 0.956 (0.409 – 2.235) | 1.366 (0.702 – 2.661) | 1.086 (0.42 – 2.811) | 1.001 (0.509 – 1.969) |
| Income quintile 3(middle) | 0.85 (0.34 – 2.126) | 1.852 (1.003 – 3.419) * | 0.703 (0.311 – 1.592) | 1.079 (0.509 – 2.29) |
| Income quintile 4(poor) | 2.421 (1.072 – 5.466) * | 1.254 (0.654 – 2.405) | 1.461 (0.628 – 3.397) | 0.471 (0.238 – 0.931)* |
| Income quintile 5(poorest) | 1.093 (0.445 – 2.687) | 1.17 (0.506 – 2.708) | 0.873 (0.345 – 2.213) | 0.728 (0.32 – 1.659) |
| Marital status(single) | 2.971 (1.902 – 4.64) *** | 0.8 (0.546 – 1.173) | 2.492 (1.407 – 4.412) *** | 1.369 (0.836 – 2.242) |
| Scheduled tribe | 1.666 (0.648 – 4.28) | 1.011 (0.293 – 3.494) | 1.272 (0.454 – 3.567) | 1.777 (0.578 – 5.47) |
| Other background class | 1.735 (0.793 – 3.796) | 1.13 (0.629 – 2.03) | 0.881 (0.512 – 1.518) | 0.872 (0.547 – 1.39) |
| No caste/tribe/background class | 2.075(0.889 – 0.844)** | 0.84 (0.427 – 1.65) | 1.437 (0.737 – 2.8) | 1.403 (0.856 – 2.3) |
| Smoker(yes) | 1.175 (0.502 – 2.754) | 1.292 (0.645 – 2.587) | 2.39 (1.05 – 5.444)** | 3.419 (0.807 – 14.486)*** |
| Indoor smoking(yes) | 1.846 (1.02 – 3.34)* | 0.881 (0.495 – 1.567) | 1.482 (0.787 – 2.789) | 1.112 (0703–1.758) |
| Cooking under chimney(yes) | 0.634 (0.357 – 1.127) | 1.72 (1.092 – 2.709)* | 0.688 (0.409 – 1.157) | 0.644 (0.383 – 1.082)** |
| Model F | 3.27*** | 1.96* | 3.35*** | 2.22* |
SRH self-rated health, OR odds ratio, ADL activities of daily living
* p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.1; *** p ≤ 0.001