Table 1.
Subject demographic data
| Normal (microarray) | DLE (microarray) | Normal (qRT-PCR) | DLE (qRT-PCR) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 8 | 9 | 12 | 17 |
| Age at visit in years, median (range) | 47.0 (40.9–54.0) | 40.0 (21.5–56.5) | 48.0 (39.3–66.4) | 40.2 (21.5–59.9) |
| Gender, male/female | 1/7 | 1/8 | 3/9 | 4/13 |
| Ethnicity, N (%) | ||||
| African-American | 0 (0) | 7 (77.8) | 0 (0) | 12 (70.6) |
| Caucasian | 8 (100) | 0 (0) | 12 (100) | 4 (23.5) |
| Hispanic | 0 (0) | 2 (22.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (11.1) |
| CLASI activity score, median (range) | N/A | 6 (2–20) | N/A | 7 (2–21) |
| CLASI damage score, median (range) | N/A | 14 (6–20) | N/A | 10 (0–20) |
| SLEDAI score, median (range) | N/A | 0 (0–0) | N/A | 0 (0–4) |
| Disease duration in years, median (range)a | N/A | 2.8 (0–16.3) | N/A | 1.5 (0–16.3) |
| Lupus medications, N (%) | ||||
| Topical/intralesional corticosteroids/topical immunomodulators | N/A | 5 (55.6) | N/A | 12 (70.6) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | N/A | 4 (44.4) | N/A | 8 (47.0) |
| Quinacrine | N/A | 0 (0) | N/A | 1 (5.9) |
| Methotrexate | N/A | 0 (0) | N/A | 1 (5.9) |
| None | N/A | 2 (22.2) | N/A | 4 (23.5) |
| ACR SLE criteria, N (%)b | ||||
| Discoid rash | N/A | 9 (100) | N/A | 17 (100) |
| Photosensitivity | N/A | 7 (77.8) | N/A | 12 (70.6) |
| Oral ulcers | N/A | 2 (22.2) | N/A | 3 (17.6) |
| Hematological disorder | N/A | 1 (11.1) | N/A | 1 (11.1) |
| Anti-nuclear antibodyc | N/A | 3 (33.3) | N/A | 3 (17.6) |
| Number of ACR SLE criteria, median (range) | N/A | 3 (1–3) | N/A | 2 (1–3) |
Abbreviations: ACR American College of Rheumatology, CLASI cutaneous lupus disease area and severity index, DLE discoid lupus erythematosus, N/A not applicable, qRT-PCR quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, SLE systemic lupus erythematosus, SLEDAI systemic lupus erythematosus disease and activity index
aDisease duration was not available for two patients with DLE
bNo patients with DLE had malar rash, arthritis, serositis, renal disorder, neurologic disorder, or immunological disorder
cPositive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) test was determined by history of ANA titers of at least 1:160, as determined by indirect immunofluorescence, or positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay