Table 3.

Univariable and Multivariable Hazard Ratios for Predictors of 5-Year Mortality among Patients with Complete VACS at One year

	Univariable HR (95% CI)	p-value	VACS-adjusted HR (95% CI)	p-value	Multivariable HR (95% CI)	p-value
VACS score, per 5-point increase	1.30 (1.26–1.34)	<0.001	–	–	1.30 (1.25–1.35)	<0.001
CESD ≥16	2.37 (1.61–3.47)	<0.001	1.93 (1.31–2.83)	<0.001	1.73 (1.17–2.56)	0.006
History of childhood sexual abuse	1.12 (0.66–1.89)	0.668	0.90 (0.52–1.53)	0.685	–	–
History of adult abuse	1.22 (0.72–2.06)	0.469	1.23 (0.72–2.09)	0.444	–	–
Recent abuse	1.32 (0.61–2.89)	0.483	1.73 (0.79–3.79)	0.174	–	–
Current smoking	2.11 (1.43–3.11)	<0.001	1.69 (1.14–2.49)	0.008	–	–
Hazardous alcohol use	0.64 (0.32–1.26)	0.193	0.63 (0.32–1.25)	0.189	–	–
Transactional sex ever	2.18 (1.50–3.15)	<0.001	2.12 (1.46–3.07)	<0.001	1.93 (1.33–2.82)	<0.001
IDU ever	2.52 (1.74–3.64)	<0.001	1.31 (0.89–1.94)	0.173	–	–
CCH ever	2.56 (1.63–4.02)	<0.001	1.68 (1.06–2.66)	0.028	–	–
CCH use, recent	1.99 (1.25–3.17)	0.004	1.61 (1.01–2.57)	0.046	–	–
Hypertension, current	1.97 (1.35–2.87)	<0.001	1.35 (0.91–1.99)	0.133	–	–
Diabetes history	0.74 (0.45–1.23)	0.246	0.71 (0.43–1.18)	0.183	–	–
Black race	2.05 (1.35–3.11)	<0.001	1.37 (0.90–2.10)	0.142	–	–
Educational attainment	1.06 (0.73–1.54)	0.770	1.26 (0.86–1.84)	0.230	–	–
Less than high school	1.0 (Ref)		1.0 (Ref)
High school graduate	1.11 (0.72–1.72)	0.626	0.95 (0.61–1.48)	0.835	–	–
Some college/degree	0.80 (0.50–1.26)	0.331	0.63 (0.41–1.04)	0.072	–	–
Annual income < $18,000	2.61 (1.56–4.38)	<0.001	1.62 (0.96–2.76)	0.073	–	–

Abbreviations: CESD, Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression; CCH, crack, cocaine, and/or heroin use; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; IDU, injection drug use.

VACS-adjusted hazard ratios are adjusted for the VACS index score only. Multivariable hazard ratios are adjusted for all variables for which estimates are presented.