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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Nov 17.
Published in final edited form as: Vaccine. 2015 Sep 26;33(46):6332–6339. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.015

Figure 1. Hapten structure contributes to vaccine efficacy against nicotine.

Figure 1

A) The carboxymethylureido modification was attached to either the 6- or the 2-position of nicotine. B) BALB/c mice were immunized s.c. with 25 μg of either unconjugated KLH, 6CMUNic-KLH or 2CMUNic-KLH adsorbed on alum adjuvant, and administered on days 0, 14 and 21. Vaccine efficacy was evaluated 7–10 days after the last immunization. Immunized mice were challenged with 0.03 mg/kg i.v. nicotine. Data are mean±SEM, n=6 each group. Statistical symbols: *p<0.05, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.