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The group by condition interaction showed: (1) between-group differences, wherein adolescents with substance use disorder (SUD) exhibited greater left middle frontal gyrus and right inferior frontal gyrus than healthy controls (CON) during breathing load; and (2) within-group differences, wherein SUD exhibited consistent modulation in these regions as a function of anticipation and breathing load conditions, but CON did not. Error bars reflect ± 1 standard error. * p=<.05; **p<.01.
