Table 2.
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores for breathing load.
| CON N = 18 |
SUD N = 15 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAS item | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | df | t | p |
| Pleasant | 2.16 | 1.72 | 1.16 | 1.13 | 30 | 2.01 | 0.05 |
| Unpleasant | 5.54 | 2.97 | 5.86 | 3.01 | 30 | −0.29 | 0.77 |
| Intense | 3.62 | 3.11 | 4.36 | 2.62 | 30 | −0.71 | 0.48 |
| Tingling Sensations | 1.93 | 2.83 | 1.44 | 1.98 | 30 | 0.56 | 0.58 |
| Fear of Losing Control | 1.21 | 1.93 | 1.51 | 2.18 | 30 | −0.42 | 0.68 |
| Faintness | 1.53 | 2.32 | 0.99 | 1.71 | 30 | 0.73 | 0.47 |
| Fear of Dying | 0.37 | 1.10 | 0.54 | 1.83 | 30 | −0.33 | 0.75 |
| Unreality | 0.94 | 1.43 | 0.67 | 1.88 | 30 | 0.47 | 0.64 |
| Hot/Cold Flushes | 0.66 | 1.35 | 0.24 | 0.46 | 22 | 1.21 | 0.24 |
| Trembling | 0.42 | 1.12 | 0.91 | 1.82 | 30 | −0.93 | 0.36 |
| Choking | 0.46 | 1.13 | 0.89 | 2.08 | 30 | −0.75 | 0.46 |
| Fear of Going Crazy | 0.41 | 1.12 | 0.49 | 1.56 | 30 | −0.18 | 0.86 |
| Abdominal Distress | 0.75 | 1.82 | 0.71 | 1.68 | 30 | 0.07 | 0.95 |
| Chest Pain | 0.61 | 1.35 | 0.81 | 1.88 | 30 | −0.36 | 0.73 |
| Palpitations | 0.48 | 1.22 | 0.71 | 1.78 | 30 | 0.42 | 0.68 |
| Sweating | 0.36 | 1.16 | 0.11 | 0.23 | 30 | 0.80 | 0.43 |
| Dizziness | 1.16 | 1.89 | 1.19 | 1.83 | 30 | −0.05 | 0.96 |
VAS = Visual Analogue Scale; CON = Control group; SUD = Substance Use Disorder group; SD = Standard Deviation; The variable Hot/Cold Flushes had unequal variances.