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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2015 Sep 28;110(12):2025–2036. doi: 10.1111/add.13090

Table 2.

Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores for breathing load.

CON
N = 18
SUD
N = 15

VAS item Mean SD Mean SD df t p
Pleasant 2.16 1.72 1.16 1.13 30 2.01 0.05
Unpleasant 5.54 2.97 5.86 3.01 30 −0.29 0.77
Intense 3.62 3.11 4.36 2.62 30 −0.71 0.48
Tingling Sensations 1.93 2.83 1.44 1.98 30 0.56 0.58
Fear of Losing Control 1.21 1.93 1.51 2.18 30 −0.42 0.68
Faintness 1.53 2.32 0.99 1.71 30 0.73 0.47
Fear of Dying 0.37 1.10 0.54 1.83 30 −0.33 0.75
Unreality 0.94 1.43 0.67 1.88 30 0.47 0.64
Hot/Cold Flushes 0.66 1.35 0.24 0.46 22 1.21 0.24
Trembling 0.42 1.12 0.91 1.82 30 −0.93 0.36
Choking 0.46 1.13 0.89 2.08 30 −0.75 0.46
Fear of Going Crazy 0.41 1.12 0.49 1.56 30 −0.18 0.86
Abdominal Distress 0.75 1.82 0.71 1.68 30 0.07 0.95
Chest Pain 0.61 1.35 0.81 1.88 30 −0.36 0.73
Palpitations 0.48 1.22 0.71 1.78 30 0.42 0.68
Sweating 0.36 1.16 0.11 0.23 30 0.80 0.43
Dizziness 1.16 1.89 1.19 1.83 30 −0.05 0.96

VAS = Visual Analogue Scale; CON = Control group; SUD = Substance Use Disorder group; SD = Standard Deviation; The variable Hot/Cold Flushes had unequal variances.