Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants at Retesting and Over Follow-Up HD AUD subgroups
| Demographics & Health | LD n=70 |
HD n=86 |
Low n=26 |
Intermediaten=51 | High n=9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 31.3 (0.4) | 30.3 (0.3) | 31.0 (0.6) | 30.0 (0.4) | 29.9 (1.2) |
| Education (years) | 18.0 (0.4) | 16.2 (0.2)*** | 15.9 (0.4) | 16.3 (0.3) | 16.0 (1.2) |
| Sex (male) | 49% | 57% | 50% | 61% | 56% |
| Race (Caucasian) | 67% | 83%* | 77% | 84% | 89% |
| Family History Positive (AUD) a | 34% | 44% | 35% | 51% | 67% |
| Age at First Drink (years) | 17.7 (0.3) | 15.0 (0.3)*** | 15.5 (0.4) | 14.8 (0.3) | 14.2 (0.8) |
| Beck Depression Inventory | 3.1 (0.4) | 4.3 (0.5) | 2.3 (0.6) | 4.7 (0.6) | 7.8 (1.7)**i |
| Spielberger State Anxiety (T-Score) | 47.7 (0.9) | 48.8 (0.8) | 45.9 (1.2) | 49.0 (1.1) | 56.4 (2.2) ***j |
| Marijuana Use (weekly or more) | 1% | 26%*** | 19% | 24% | 56%*k |
| Cigarette Use (weekly or more) | 1% | 37%*** | 19% | 28% | 78%*j |
| Stimulant Use (monthly or more)b | 0% | 5% | 4% | 2% | 22%* j |
| Major Axis I Disorder c | 6% | 12% | 4% | 12% | 33%*k |
| Substance Dependence d | 0% | 11%* | 0% | 12% | 33%*k |
| Nicotine Dependence c | 0% | 19%*** | 8% | 22% | 56%*j |
| AST (units/L)e | 20.8 (0.7) | 22.2 (1.2) | 23.7 (3.6) | 21.3 (0.9) | 23.1 (2.9) |
| ALT (units/L)e | 20.1 (1.8) | 21.6 (2.0) | 24.0 (5.8) | 20.2 (1.4) | 22.1 (4.9) |
|
| |||||
| Average Drinking Over Follow- Upf | |||||
|
| |||||
| Frequency (days/month) | 6.8 (0.5) | 12.1 (0.5)*** | 10.1 (1.0) | 12.5 (0.6) | 15.5 (2.4)*k |
| Quantity (drinks/drinking day) | 1.8 (0.1) | 5.0 (0.2)*** | 4.0 (0.3) | 5.1 (0.3) | 7.5 (0.8) ***i |
|
| |||||
| Maxima Drinking Over Follow- Upg | |||||
|
| |||||
| Max # drinks in one occasion | 4.6 (0.2) | 12.6 (0.6)*** | 10.7 (1.0) | 13.0 (0.6) | 18.6 (3.0) ***j |
| Binge Frequency (days/month) h | 1.1 (0.2) | 10.2 (0.5)*** | 7.5 (0.7) | 10.3 (0.5) | 17.2 (2.5) ***i |
| AUD symptom count | 0.6 (0.1) | 2.8 (0.2)*** | 0.9 (0.2) | 3.2 (0.2) | 6.4 (0.6) ***i |
| AUDIT total score | 5.3 (0.3) | 14.8 (0.7)*** | 10.2 (0.7) | 15.6 (0.8) | 23.8 (1.9) ***i |
| DrInC-2R total score | 7.2 (0.9) | 23.9 (1.4)*** | 14.8 (1.8) | 25.0 (1.5) | 44.0 (2.6) ***i |
Note. Data are Mean (SEM) or N (%).
p < .05,
p < .01,
p < .001
Data pertain to that obtained during or self-report of use patterns the year prior to re-examination, unless otherwise noted;
Family history positive defined as having one biological primary or three or more biological secondary relatives with an alcohol use disorder;
Stimulant use included both prescription and recreational drugs;
Ever meeting DSM-IV major Axis I diagnosis (depression, anxiety disorders, etc.) or nicotine dependence at any point during the follow-up period;
Seven of the nine substance dependent persons met criteria for cannabinoids, one for cocaine, and one for prescription opiates;
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) blood tests for liver functioning;
Drink based on standard definition of one drink = 12 oz. beer, 5 oz. wine, or 1.5 oz. liquor, from average of past month TLFB interviews at 1-, 2, 4-, 5-, and 6-years;
Refer to maxima of TLFB or survey measures from 1-, 2-, 4-, 5-, and 6-year follow-up;
Binge defined as ≥5 drinks per occasion for males and ≥4 drinks for females.
High>Intermediate>Low;
High>Intermediate=Low;
High>Low, High=Intermediate;
High=Intermediate>Low