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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2015 May 14;79(6):489–498. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.007

Table 2.

GEE analysis summary of alcohol responses in Light (LD) and Heavy Drinkers (HD) by testing phase and HD AUD subgroups by testing phase

Alcohol Responses Group (LD vs. HD) Phase Group x Phase Post Estimation Comparisons a
β se p β se p β se p
Stimulation 6.19 2.54 0.015 1.41 2.15 0.512 −1.67 2.92 0.567 HD > LD
Like 10.86 4.69 0.021 −5.37 4.29 0.211 2.76 5.80 0.634 HD > LD
Want More 13.82 5.80 0.017 −4.86 5.17 0.348 11.09 7.00 0.113 HD > LD
Sedation −7.86 2.63 0.003 −3.63 2.11 0.086 1.28 2.86 0.655 HD < LD
Cortisol −0.15 0.05 0.004 −0.03 0.05 0.579 0.05 0.06 0.467 HD < LD
Alcohol Responses HD AUD Subgroup Phase AUD Subgroup x Phase Post Estimation Comparison
β se p β se p β se p
Stimulation 1.10 2.49 0.659 −11.65 5.39 0.031 6.20 2.84 0.029 Low AUD: Initial > Re-Exam Phase b
Like 16.59 4.45 <.001 −2.48 10.27 0.809 −0.80 5.40 0.883 High > Intermediate > Low c
Want More 12.60 4.89 0.010d 6.34 4.48 0.157 3.46 7.24 0.633 High = Intermediate > Low c
Sedation 4.28 2.77 0.123e 5.23 5.72 0.360 −4.35 3.01 0.148 N/A
Cortisol 0.02 0.03 0.342e 0.005 0.07 0.940 0.06 0.03 0.854 N/A

Note: Results from GEE analyses [coefficient (β), standard error (se), and p value] for alcohol response measures for group (HD vs. LD) or AUD subgroup (the HD AUD Subgroups), phase (initial, reexamination), and their interaction(s). Alcohol responses were either net change (stimulation, sedation, and cortisol) or change (like, want more) scores from placebo for each phase.

a

Group (HD vs. LD) comparisons;

b

Group x Phase comparison;

c

Subgroup (High, Intermediate, Low AUD) comparisons;

d

The main subgroup effect was significant after the interaction term was removed;

e

The main effects remained insignificant in the model when the interaction terms were removed.