Table 1. Etiology of growth failure in inflammatory bowel disease.

Nutritional aspects

Decreased oral intake due to gastrointestinal symptoms and anorexia

Malabsorption of nutrients

Increased nutritional loss from intestine

Increased energy requirements due to inflammation

Hormonal aspects

Normal GH level and low IGF-1 level (GH resistance due to inflammatory cytokines)

Medication side effect (i.e., corticosteroid)

GH, growth hormone; IGF1, insulin-like growth factor.

Adapted from references8,9).