Table 2. - Articles related to bisphosphonates enclosed in the present review according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Author	Study design	Aim of the study	Sample size	Conclusion
Choi J, et al 29 Korea 2010	Case control	Evaluation of the short-term effects of clodronate on early alveolar bone remodeling and root resorption related to orthodontic tooth movement.	54 sex-matched Wistar rats allocated into 3 groups of 18 rats: » 2.5 mmol/L clodronate, » 10 mmol/L clodronate » Control group	Clodronate inhibits bone resorption induced by orthodontic force. Both clodronate groups show significantly less tooth movement than controls, although the inhibition is greater in 10 mmol/L.
Liu L, et al 3 Japan 2004	Case control	Evaluation of the effect of local administration of clodronate on tooth movement.	26 male Wistar rats Split-mouth design: » 2.5 mM clodronate experimental side; vehicle contralateral side » 10 mM clodronate experimental side; vehicle contralateral side » 40 mM clodronate experimental side; vehicle contralateral side	Clodronate strongly inhibits orthodontic tooth movement.
Ortega A, et al 7 USA 2012	Case control	Evaluation of the use of local application of zoledronate to avoid loss of anchorage during extraction space closure in rats.	30 rats into 2 groups: » 15 control rats (vehicle) » 15 experimental rats (16 mg of zoledronate)	A single, small, locally applied dose of zoledronate was sufficient to provide maximal anchorage in extraction space closure.
Toro E, et al 30 Gainesville USA 2013	Case control	Evaluation of the effectiveness of Bis-enoxacin (BE) in the inhibition of bone resorption and orthodontic tooth movement.	30 Sprague Dawley into 3 groups: » Control: 10 rats (vehicle) » 2.5 mg/kg BE: 10 rats » 1 mg/kg Aledronate: 10 rats	BE inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorption.
Keles A, et al 31 Boston USA 2007	Case control	Evaluation of the efficacy of pamidronateversus osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the inhibition of bone resorption and tooth movement.	18 C57Bl/6 male mice into 3 groups of 6 mice: » Control group (vehicle) » 5 mg/kg- 1 pamidronate » 10 mg/kg- 1 OPG	OPG results in a more powerful inhibitor of osteoclast recruitment and activity than pamidronate, with a reduction of osteoclasts number of 95% and tooth movement of 77%.