Table 2. Total number of birds: effects of log₁₀ total dose and confounding variables.

Random effects:
Groups	Variance	SD
Site	0.052	0.228
CensDayTraa	0.023	0.150
Fixed effects:
	Estimate	SE	z	p
(Intercept)	1.666	0.048	34.650	<0.0001
log10 Total dose	−0.299	0.074	−4.060	<0.0001
	(−0.256)b	(0.063)b
Time	−0.054	0.047	−1.160	0.246
Time2	0.352	0.070	5.050	<0.0001
Cloud cover	0.016	0.053	0.290	0.769
Temperature	−0.182	0.076	−2.400	0.016
Wind 1c	0.079	0.096	0.820	0.410
Wind 2	−0.041	0.068	−0.600	0.549
Wind 3	−0.290	0.101	−2.880	0.004
Wind 4	−0.471	0.170	−2.770	0.006
Wind 5	−0.020	0.139	−0.140	0.886
Altitude	−0.275	0.046	−5.980	<0.0001
Grass	−0.173	0.035	−4.980	<0.0001
Farmland	0.266	0.046	5.790	<0.0001
Coniferous	0.011	0.015	0.720	0.470

Effect size was standardised by two SD. Parameters with a significant effect (p < 0.05) are highlighted in bold.

^aCensDayTra is the combination of Census day and Transect categories.

^bUnstandardised partial slope values obtained after model fit with the same fixed and random effects, but without standardization of the input variables.

^cWind 0 was the reference category.