FIGURE 2.

DCs produce inflammatory cytokines in response to malaria parasites. A–D, GM-DCs (A and B) and FL-DCs (C and D) in 96-well plates (1 × 10⁵/well in 200 μl of DMEM) were stimulated with P. falciparum IRBCs or merozoites (MZs) for 24 h. DCs stimulated with 2 μg/ml CpG ODN were analyzed as a control. TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 secreted into the culture medium were measured by ELISA. The mean values ± S.D. from four independent experiments each performed in duplicate are plotted.